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High Risk OB > Anomalies in Oligohydramnios > Flashcards

Anomalies in Oligohydramnios Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

AFI < 5 cm; SDP < 2 cm

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2
Q

Anhydramnios

A

no amniotic fluid

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3
Q

Causes of oligohydramnios

A

Demise, Renal, IUGR, PROM

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4
Q

Why can oligohydramnios be fatal?

A

pulmonary hypoplasia

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5
Q

Spalding sign

A

overlapping of fetal skull bones caused by collapse of fetal brain

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6
Q

How soon can the spalding sign appear?

A

48 hours after the death of fetus; 2-3 days

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7
Q

Ectopic kidney

A

located outside of renal fossa

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8
Q

Crossed ectopic kidney

A

both kidneys on same side; can be fused

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9
Q

Horseshoe kidney

A

lower poles fuse together

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10
Q

True or False: Horseshoe kidneys are always posterior to the aorta

A

False; anterior

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11
Q

Pelvic kidney

A

kidney found adjacent to bladder

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12
Q

Duplicated collecting system

A

kidney has two ureters

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13
Q

Renal malrotation

A

Renal hilum faces lateral from midline rather than medial

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14
Q

Potter type I is also known as?

A

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD); infantile polycystic kidney disease

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15
Q

Describe Potter type I

A

bilateral, echogenic and enlarged kidneys; no bladder

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16
Q

True or False: Bilateral kidney diseases are lethal

A

True

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17
Q

Potter Type II is also called?

A

multcystic dysplastic kidney diseases (MCDKD)

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18
Q

Describe Potter type II

A

Unilateral; medium cysts

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19
Q

True or False: Potter type II can be bilateral

A

True

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20
Q

Potter type III is also called?

A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)

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21
Q

Describe Potter type III

A

bilateral; large and echogenic kidneys with multiple cysts

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22
Q

Which type of Potter syndrome is more common in adults?

23
Q

What is the most common renal abnormal finding in utero?

Study These Flashcards
A

hydronephrosis

24
Q

A ureteropelvic junction obstruction is caused by?

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A

abnormal bend or kink in ureter

25
True or False: With UPJ there will be a normal bladder and normal amniotic fluid
True
26
A ureterovesical junction obstruction is caused by?
ureter defect; stenosis
27
UVJ can cause?
megaureter
28
Describe Potter syndrome
bilateral renal agenesis; lethal
29
Appearance of Potter syndrome
pulmonary hypoplasia, no bladder, lying down sign
30
Describe "Potter face"
rounded forehead, flattened nose, recessed chin, prominent epocanthial folds, low set of abnormal ears
31
True or False: unilateral renal agenesis is more common than Potter syndrome
True
32
True or False: With unilateral renal agenesis there is no fetal bladder and decreased fluid
False; normal bladder and fluid
33
Posterior urethral valves can cause?
megacystis, hydroureter, and hydronephrosis
34
Posterior urethral valves
formation of flaps in urethra; urine unable to pass through
35
Posterior urethral are more common in which sex? Why?
Men; longer urethra
36
The keyhole sign is seen with?
posterior urethral valves (distended bladder and urethra)
37
What is the prune belly triad?
megacystis, atrophic abdominal wall, cryptorchidism
38
Ureterocele
cystic dilation of ureter into the bladder
39
What is the most common urachal anomaly?
urachal cyst
40
What anomalies are associated with urachal cysts?
patent urachus, vesicourachal diverticulum, urachal sinus
41
What becomes the urachus?
allantois
42
Meckel-Gruber syndrome is associated with which anomalies?
occipital encephalocele, infantile polycystic kidneys, oligohydramnios, polydactyly
43
IUGR results from?
insufficient fetal nutriton
44
Which organ is most affected by IUGR?
liver
45
AC is ______ with IUGR
smaller
46
Symmetric IUGR
fetal growth abnormality resulting in a proportionally small fetus
47
What is the most common type of growth abnormality?
Asymmetric IUGR
48
How does asymmetric fetal growth appear?
normal cranial growth, small AC
49
Fetal macrosomia
fetus is large for GA
50
Fetal macrosomia is associated with which maternal factors?
diabetes mellitus, obesity
51
Fetal macrosomia sonographic appearance
large AC, decreased HC/AC ratio, EFW > 4000 g, polyhydramnios, placentomegaly
52
What is the most common cause of oligohydramnios?
PROM
53
5 parameters of BPP
fetal movement, fetal tone, fetal breathing, non-stress test, AFI

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