Flashcards in ANOMALIES OF FETAL NECK, HEAD, & SPINE Deck (29)
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1
ANOMALIES OF THE FETAL NECK, HEAD, AND SPINE AKA:
NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
2
ABSENSE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES AND OVERLAYING SKULL AND SCALP. (ALSO THE MOST COMMON CONGENITAL ANOMALY OF CNS)
ANENCEPHALY
3
WHAT IS PRESENT IN HALF THE CASES OF ANENCEPHALY?
POLYHYDRAMNIOS
4
WHAT IS THOUGHT TO BE CAUSED BY A BILATERAL BLOCKAGE OF THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES?
HYDRANENCEPHALY
5
TOTAL OR NEAR TOTAL ABSENCE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
HYDRANENCEPHALY
6
FAILURE OF PROSENCEPHALON (FOREBRAIN) TO DIVIDE INTO DOUBLE LOBES OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, THALAMI ARE FUSED.
HOLOPROSENCEPHALY
7
WHAT ANOMALY HAS A SINGLE COMMON VENTRICLE THAT IS HORSESHOE SHAPED AND ASSOCIATED WITH CYCLOPIA AND PROBOSCIS
HOLOPROSENCEPHALY
8
FAILURE OF LIP FUSION PRIOR TO 35 DAYS FROM CONCEPTION.
FACIAL CLEFTS
9
CYSTIC AREA IN BACK OF THE BABIES HEAD; OBSTRUCTION OF HINDBRAIN
DANDY WALKER MALFORMATION
10
WHAT 4 ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTICS WILL YOU SEE ON US W/DANDY WALKER MALFORMATION?
1. CYSTIC ENLARGEMENT OF 4TH VENTRICLE
2. DIALATED 3RD VENTRICLE
3. VARIABLE DIALATION OF LATERAL VENTRICLES
4. CEREBELLAR LOBES SPLIT APART AND ABNORMAL IN SHAPE.
11
BONY DEFECT IN CALVARIUM, W/HERNIATION OF BRAIN AND/OR MENINGES.
CEPHALOCELE (ENCEPHALOCELE)
12
WHAT IS ASSOCIATED W/POLYHYDRAMNIOS AND 80% OF THE TIME HYDROCEPHALUS IS PRESENT?
CEPHALOCELE (ENCEPHALOCELE)
13
ABNORMAL INCREASED/DIALATION DUE TO FLUID IN CEREBRAL VENTRICLES MOST COMMONLY SEEN W/SPINA BIFIDA
HYDROCEPHALUS
14
ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION AKA
BUDD CHIARI MALFORMATION
15
COMMON TYPE OF HYDROCEPHALUS & ASSOC. W/SPINA BIFIDA; CEREBELLUM IS PULLED THROUGH CISTERNA MAGNA.
ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION
16
"BANANA SIGN" - SHAPE OF CEREBELLUM
"LEMON SIGN" - NARROWER PORTION OF ANT PORTION OF HEAD
"BAT WING SIGN" - DIALATION OF LAT VENTRICLES, BILATERAL AND SEVERE
ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION
17
PATIAL ABSENSE OF CAVUM SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM (NORMALLY SHOULD POINT TO FRONT OF BABIES HEAD)
ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION
18
HC MEASURES >3 STANDARD DEVIATIONS BELOW NORMAL.
MICROCEPHALY
19
ASSOC. W/TRISTOMY 18 5% OF THE TIME; BILATERAL CYSTS >10 MM HAVE HIGHER ASSOC. W/ABNORMAL KARYOTYPE
CHOROID PLEXUS CYSTS
20
MAJORITY OF CYSTS IN BACK OF BABIES NECK; 80% ORIGINATE FROM POSTEROLATERAL PORTION OF NECK
CYSTIC HYGROMA
21
ONLY SEEN IN GIRLS; ELBOW MALFORMATION
TURNERS SYNDROME
22
DEFECT IN SPINE DUE TO LACK OF FUSION OF TWO HALVES OF VERTEBRAL ARCH
SPINA BIFIDA
23
MOST COMMON SPINA BIFIDA LOCATION
LUMBAR SACRAL
24
MENINGOCELE (SPINA BIFIDA)
ONLY MENINGES PROTRUDE
25
MENINGOMYELOCELE (SPINA BIFIDA)
MENINGES AND SPINAL CORD PROTRUDE, CAN CAUSE PARALYSIS
26
OCCULT SPINA BIFIDA
SMALL DEFECT W/NO PROTRUSION OF MENINGES OR CORD
27
HIGH ASSOC. W/ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION & ELEVATED SERUM ALPHA FETOPROTEIN LEVELS
SPINA BIFIDA
28
CYST ARISING FROM THE VENTRICLE THAT DEVELOPS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF PARENCHYMAL HEMORRHAGE.
PORENCEPHALIC CYST
29
