ANOVA (within-subjects)

Question 1

Explained variance

Answer 1

Between-group differences

Explained variance indicates how much of the total variance is attributed to differences between groups in the study.

Question 2

Unexplained variance

Answer 2

Within-groups (individual differences)

Unexplained variance reflects the variability among individuals within the same group.

Question 3

3 sources of variance in repeated-measures ANOVA?

Answer 3

-Between conditions (effect)
-Between subjects (individual differences)
-Residual (error/noise)

These sources help to account for different types of variability in the data.

Question 4

Advantage of repeated-measures ANOVA

Answer 4

Accounts for individual difference -> increased power

This means that repeated-measures designs can detect effects more easily due to controlling for variability among participants.

Question 5

F-ratio

Answer 5

The F-ratio is a statistic used to determine if the explained variance is significantly greater than the unexplained variance.

Question 6

Formula for MSunexplained

Answer 6

MSunexplained = MStotal - MSexplained - MSind diffs

This formula helps to isolate the residual variance after accounting for the explained variance.

Question 7

What is counterbalancing in RM-ANOVA

Answer 7

Equal number of pps for all orderings

Counterbalancing helps to control for order effects by ensuring that all possible orders of conditions are represented equally.

Question 8

SPSS procedure RM-ANOVA

Answer 8

-Analyse > general liner model > repeated measures
-Name factors and levels
-Assign variables to each level

Question 9

Effect in multi-factorial ANOVA

Answer 9

-Main effect- one IV consistently affects DV
-Interaction effect- one IV’s effect depends on another IV

A main effect indicates that changes in one independent variable (IV) lead to changes in the dependent variable (DV), regardless of other IVs.

Question 10

Challenge of interpreting higher-order factorial ANOVA

Answer 10

Interpretation of 3+ factor interactions is complex

As the number of factors increases, understanding the interactions becomes increasingly difficult.

Question 11

Trade-off in higher-order factorial ANOVA

Answer 11

Between realism and interpretability

Real-world experiments may involve multiple IVs for realism, but this can complicate the analysis and interpretation of results.