ANS

Question 1

ANS

Answer 1

visceral efferent system
involuntary
has motor components

Question 2

innervated

Answer 2

there is connection between terminal end nerve fiber and target tissue

Question 3

dually innervated

Answer 3

structure receiving nerves from sympathetic and parasympathetic
most organs dually innervated have reciprocal activation

Question 4

tactile sensation

Answer 4

tactile receptors in skin
density of receptors vary

Question 5

proprioception

Answer 5

knowing body position in space @ time
internal receptors to allow brain to know where body is

Question 6

nociception

Answer 6

can’t verbally express pain

Question 7

lower motor neuron

Answer 7

only motor neuron that leaves brainstem

Question 8

calcium

Answer 8

all skeletal muscles mediated by
all exocytotic events mediated by

Question 9

flacid paralysis

Answer 9

paralysis of skeletal muscles, could be caused by presynaptic Ach accidently
-always cause post synaptic response but doesn’t always cause contractions
Nicotinic type 1?

Question 10

acetylcholine esterase

Answer 10

digests ach

Question 11

cholineaceytyl CoA transfertase

Answer 11

joins acetyl CoA and choline together to make Ach

Question 12

Nm receptors

Answer 12

transmembrane
excitatory
ionotropic
sense “tissue” damage
–results in depolarization but no AP

Question 13

ionotropic

Answer 13

Ach causes channels to open and release ions

Question 14

graded potential

Answer 14

summate/ add up

Question 15

EPSP

Answer 15

excitatory post synaptic potential
causes depolarization, carried by sodium
in skeletal muscle

Question 16

IPSP

Answer 16

inhibitory post synaptic potential
downregulates next nerve fiber

Question 17

spacially indiscrete

Answer 17

+ chronotropism
+ inotropism
increase BP
—- stimulates multi organ. multi tissue activation

Question 18

reticellular formation

Answer 18

place in brain that makes you hyper aware of surroundings

Question 19

epi

Answer 19

from adrenal medulla
increase glycogen phosphorylase (liver and skeletal muscle)

Question 20

N2 receptor

Answer 20

ionotropic
ligand gated depolarization
increase density of V-gated Na+ channels

Question 21

to make NE

Answer 21

need tyrosine or phenylalanine
-tyrosine carboxylase enzyme needed

Question 22

DOPA

Answer 22

dopamine
-substrate for enzymes that make NE and epinephrine

Question 23

PNMT

Answer 23

phenylethanolamine N- methyl transferase
enzyme that converts NE to epinephrine

Question 24

muscarinic receptors

Answer 24

g-protein

Question 25

interganglionic commissural fiber

Answer 25

ganglionic chain in sympathetic

Question 26

PNS

Answer 26

long then short for 2 projection neuron only muscarinic receptors

Question 27

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 27

short then long for 2 projection neuron alpha and beta adrenergic receptors --synapse at adrenal medulla or ganglion-> organ

Question 28

E:NE

Answer 28

85:15

Question 29

NE route

Answer 29

NE-> PNMT-> bloodstream-> hormone

Question 30

metabotropic receptor

Answer 30

EX: muscarinic heterotrimeric (3 different parts) -receptor to Ach, alows for dissociation of g-protein

Question 31

ionotropic receptor

Answer 31

EX: nicotinic Ach attach to receptor -ions moving -find between 1st and 2nd synapse

Question 32

chemical messenger

Answer 32

biogenic amines (catacholamines)

Question 33

amino acid neurotransmitters

Answer 33

GABA -inhibitory NT -brain and spinal cord -receptors multisubunit -induce CL current (hyperpolarize)

Question 34

indirect gating

Answer 34

use second messenger

Question 35

direct gating

Answer 35

ach to receptor, ions flow

Question 36

signal transduction

Answer 36

GTP binding proteins -couple hormone receptors to effector molecules -hetertrimeric G proteins can be stimulatory or inhibitory

Question 37

6 step plan

Answer 37

recognition, transduction, transmission, modulation of effector, response, termination

Question 38

somatic nervous system

Answer 38

one neuron, Type 1 nicotinic receptor skeletal muscle!!

Question 39

propranolol

Answer 39

beta blocker (antagonist) for NE and epi and indirect alpha agonist

Question 40

phentolamine

Answer 40

alpha antagonist, induce vasodilation

Question 41

atropine

Answer 41

block ach, anti muscarinic

Question 42

dobutamine

Answer 42

beta-1 agonist (stimulates), increase HR

Question 43

dexmetetomadine

Answer 43

alpha-2 agonist -activate g-protein in brainstem to inhibit NE

Question 44

prazosin

Answer 44

alpha antagonist, induce vasodilation to decrease HR