ANS

Question 1

What enzymes metabolize 3 catecholomines

Answer 1

Mao (monoamine oxidase) / comt (Catachol-o-methyltransferase)

Question 2

What are 3 catecholimines

Answer 2

Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Question 3

Why does smoking cause hypertension

Answer 3

If nicotine is in your system (doesn’t matter if it is smoke or natural) it will activate sympathetic nervous system and activate norepinephrine and stimulate alpha 1 and cause vasoconstriction resulting in htn

Question 4

Why are older people taking mao inhibitors at risk for heat stroke

Answer 4

Receptors on sweat glands are stimulated by acetylcholine and not noriepi. If they are taking an anticholinergics can contribute to heat stroke because patient isn’t sweating or having overheating symptoms

Question 5

Sympathetic nervous system nickname

Answer 5

“Fight or flight “

Question 6

Parasympathetic nickname

Answer 6

“Feed, breed, pee, poo” “rest & digest”

Question 7

Can sympathetic and parasympathetic be on at the same time?

Answer 7

No.

Question 8

Sympathetic effects & receptors involved

Answer 8

Pupil dilates (midrasis) (a1) sweating, bronchodilation (b2) slows down digestion (b2), decreases renal and mesenteric blood vessels (a1), slows down uterine contractions, (b3) tachycardia (a1) , make more glucose to fuel body (glycogenesis) (a1, b2) increases epinephrine from adrenal gland, vasodilation to skeletal muscle (b2),

Question 9

Parasympathetic system ganglia location

Answer 9

Are closer to target organ, pregangliotic fiber is longer and post gangliontic fiber is short

Question 10

Sympathetic nervous system location

Answer 10

Sympathetic ganglia in chain on spinal cord, pre ganglia fiber is shorter since it’s close to the spinal cord post ganglia’s fiber is longer to target organ

Question 11

Digestive and vegetative functions are enhanced by the sympathetic system

Answer 11

False. They are slowed down

Question 12

Pre synaptic neuron/ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what?

Answer 12

Acetylcholine

Question 13

Post synaptic neuron/ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what?

Answer 13

Norepinephrine which triggers the biological response

Question 14

Post synaptic neuron/ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what EXCEPT FOR WHAT

Answer 14

norepinephrine except for sweat glands and its acetylcholine

Question 15

Pre synaptic neuron/ganglion in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNs) releases what?

Answer 15

Acetylcholine

Question 16

Post synaptic neuron/ganglion in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNs) releases what?

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

What breaks down acetylcholines

Answer 17

Acetylcholinesterase / pseudocholinesterases / achase

Question 18

In sympathetic nervous system, the presynaptic neuron is ______ & the post synaptic neuron is ______

Answer 18

Cholinergic (acetylcholine ) , adrenergic (noriepi)

Question 19

One of the anatomical locations for achase (acetylcholinesterase) (pseuocholinesterase) is the presynpatic membrane of the post synaptic neuron of the PNS

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Cascade of catecholamines

Answer 20

Phenylalanine to tyrosine to LDopa to dopamine to norepinephrine to epinephrine

Question 21

Mao-a metabolizes what
Mao-b metabolized what

Answer 21

Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

Selectively metabolizes dopamine

Question 22

Mao-a metabolizes what
Mao-b metabolized what

Answer 22

Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

Selectively metabolizes dopamine

Question 23

Selegiline is used for what

Answer 23

In low doses it is a selective mao-b inhibitor that reduces the metabolism of dopamine and is used for Parkinson’s

Question 24

Tolcapone

Answer 24

Comt inhibitor, black box warning for liver function

Question 25

Both the synthesis and metabolism of Noriepi occurs within the axon terminal of the post synaptic neuron of the SNS

Answer 25

True

Question 26

NET (norepinephrine transporter) inhibited by what

Answer 26

Cocaine

Question 27

Dopamine transporter (DAT)

Answer 27

Target for antidepressants

Question 28

Serotonin transport (SERT)

Answer 28

Target for antidepressants, SSRIS

Question 29

NET norepipherine transporter

Answer 29

Removes noriepi from the synapse so it gets recycled. *different from alpha 2 which blocks it

Question 30

GATS gaba transporter system

Answer 30

Target for anti seizure meds

Question 31

Describe a similarity and a difference between bound vs free states of noriepi in the synaptic vesicle

Answer 31

Bound meds can be changed but not available, free med is available for use

Question 32

Describe a similarity and a difference between presynaptic receptor of norepinephrine vs NET

Question 33

Parasympathic nervous system symptoms

Answer 33

Miosis (contracted pupil), increase salivation, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, contraction of gall bladder, increase gi motility, increase digestive enzymes, contraction of bladder (micturation), uterine contraction

Question 34

If epinephrine were used in an eye drop how would it change the size of the pupil

Answer 34

Dilated pupil by contracting the dilator iris muscle

Question 35

What are two types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 35

Muscarinic (usually at target organs in psn) and nicotinic (usually in ganglion in psn and sns

Question 36

Which subtype of muscarinic receptor might an antagonist like solifenacin target for the treatment of over active bladder syndrome

Answer 36

M3

Question 37

Alpha 1 and alpha 2

Answer 37

Alpha 1 in blood vessels cause vasoconstriction Alpha 2 in central nervous system in receptors on the preganglionic neurons that turn off binding of norepinephrine

Question 38

Beta 1 & 2

Answer 38

1- cardiac tissue 2- lungs , uterus 3- fat

Question 39

What receptors are passive

Answer 39

Beta 2/3 are passive, everything else is active (a1, b1, )

Question 40

Where are muscarinic cholinergic receptors sit

Answer 40

Post/post in pns