ANS

Question 1

functions of the ANS

Answer 1

maintain homeostasis, activate emergency mechanism, housekeeping

Question 2

sympathetic

Answer 2

fight or flight

Question 3

parasympathetic

Answer 3

rest and digest

Question 4

enteric

Answer 4

gut

Question 5

divisions of the ANS

Answer 5

sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric

Question 6

afferent neurons

Answer 6

relay sensory info to the CNS

Question 7

efferent neurons

Answer 7

relay motor commands from the CNS to target tissues

Question 8

efferent neurons of the ANS

Answer 8

2 neuron chain connected by a ganglion , multiple targets, excitatory and inhibitory effects (ganglion = cluster of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS)

Question 9

preganglionic fiber

Answer 9

myelinated

Question 10

postganglionic fiber

Answer 10

unmyelinated

Question 11

effector organs of the ANS

Answer 11

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 12

PSN neuron

Answer 12

long preganlionic fiber, short postganglionic fiber

Question 13

SNS neuron

Answer 13

short preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber

Question 14

PSN cell body locations

Answer 14

Cranial and sacral

Question 15

SNS cell body locations

Answer 15

thoracic and lumber

Question 16

sympathetic truck

Answer 16

chain of synaptic Ganglia

Question 17

neural pathways in the Sympathetic NS (3)

Answer 17

1. synapse immediately with postgaglionic neuron in sympathetic ganglion
2. travel up or down the chain and synapse in Ganglia at other levels
3. pass through chain without synapsing, continue to collateral ganglion as splanchnic nerves

Question 18

communicating “rami”

Answer 18

two branches which connect a paravertebral ganglion to a spinal nerve (white and grey)

Question 19

ascend or descend

Answer 19

travel up or down the chain and synapse in gnaglia at other levels

Question 20

splanchnic (pre or post)

Answer 20

pass through without synapsing and continue to collateral ganglion

Question 21

synapse immediately

Answer 21

synapse immediatly with post ganglionic neuron in sympathetic ganglion

Question 22

fight or flight responses

Answer 22

think of table and dog example

Question 23

adrenal medulla

Answer 23

secrets epinephrine (80) and norepinephrine (20)

Question 24

terminal ganglion

Answer 24

a parasympathetic ganglion situated on or close to a inverted organ, the site where preganglionic nerve fibers terminate

Question 25

parasympathetic neural pathway

Answer 25

travel preganglionic fiber, to post synaptic ganglion, synapse, and travel post ganglionic fiber, to effector organ

Question 26

rest and digest response

Answer 26

think of table - restful state watching movie having popcorn

Question 27

autonomic tone

Answer 27

background levels of activity maintained by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 28

activated reciprocally

Answer 28

activation of one decreases activation of other

Question 29

dual innervation

Answer 29

most organs receive input form both SNS and PNS (exceptions: adrenal medulla, blood vessels (most), swear glands, = only sympathetic

Question 30

antagonitstic effects

Answer 30

sympathetic and parasympathetic do the opposite (SNS increases heart rate, PNS decreases heart rate)

Question 31

cooperative effect

Answer 31

SNS and PNS do the same thing, change the type and volume of salivia produced

Question 32

varicosity

Answer 32

chain of swelling along the branches of postganglionic fiber, contains synaptic vessels

Question 33

cholinergic receptors

Answer 33

bind ACh

Question 34

adrenergic receptors

Answer 34

bind NE/E

Question 35

Structure of nicotinic receptors (cholinerrgic)

Answer 35

ionotropic. binding of ACh causes confimational change

Question 36

Muscarinic (cholinergic) and adrenergic receptors structure

Answer 36

metabotropic. binging produces repsponse through G-coupled mechnism

Question 37

convergence

Answer 37

large number of presynaptic neurons form synapses with a single postsynaptic neuron (coming together)

Question 38

divergance

Answer 38

small number of presynaptic neurons form synapses with a large number of postsynaptic neruons (spread out)

Question 39

sympathetic and parasympathetic (convergance and divergance)

Answer 39

SNS - greater degree of divergance (diffuse) PNS - specific

Question 40

spinal cord

Answer 40

integrates autonomic reflexes

Question 41

medulla

Answer 41

major ANS reflex centers

Question 42

hypothalamus

Answer 42

integration and command center for autonomic functions