ANS

Question 1

primary effector system for controlling smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Answer 1

autonomic nervous system (visceral motor system)

Question 2

finely myelinated; synapses with many postganglionic neurons; inhibitory interneurons present in ganglion; cell bodies in CNS

Answer 2

preganglionic neurons

Question 3

unmyelinated; goes to effector; cell bodies in ANS ganglia

may be excitatory or inhibitory

Answer 3

postganglionic neurons

Question 4

flight or flight division

Answer 4

sympathetic division

Question 5

sympathetic division - thoracolumbar division - preganglionic neurons are located in what nuclei @ what spinal cord segements

Answer 5

• intermediate gray (intermediolateral cell column)

- T1 - L2/3

Question 6

sympathetic division -

preganglionic vs postganglionic fiber types

Answer 6

pre - B fibers (little myelin)

post - C fiber (no myelin)

Question 7

preganlionic neurons that pass through the chain and synapse in _______

Answer 7

prevertebral ganglia

Question 8

postganglionic neurons exit chain in what 3 ways

Answer 8

• in gray ramus
• as specific nerve
• a prevertebral ganglion

Question 9

preganglionic pathway for an effector in the head

sympathetics

Answer 9

• T1/2 synapse in superior cervical ganglion (told when to fire by descending tracts)

Question 10

postganglionic pathway for an effector in the head

sympathetics

Answer 10

• neurons take a ride with external carotid artery (or branches of facial artery)
• form carotid nerve then becomes carotid plexus then into skull into cavernous sinus then superior orbital fissure then with other nerves

Question 11

preganglionic pathway for an effector in thoracic region

sympathetics

Answer 11

• T1-T4/5 synapse (some) others will ascend and synapse in super cervical ganglion, middle cervical ganglion, or stellate ganglion

Question 12

postganglionic pathway for an effector in thoracic region

sympathetics

Answer 12

• cardiac branches (form own nerve) and go down through the neck

Question 13

preganglionic pathway for an effector in the periphery

Answer 13

• T1-L2/3 in white ramus and synapse at according ganglion

Question 14

postganglionic pathway for an effector in the periphery

Answer 14

• gray rami to peripheral effectors (dorsal ramus and ventral ramus) @ every spinal cord level

Question 15

name the cervical ganglia of the sympathetic system

Answer 15

• superior
• middle
• stellate (cervicothoracic)

Question 16

name the nerves and cord segments that correlate with the thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic system

Answer 16

• splanchnic nerves
  T5-T9 - greater splanchnic n
  T9/10-T10/11 - lesser splanchnic n
  T12 or lowest - least splanchnic n

Question 17

name the region and number of ganglia in sympathetic system

Answer 17

cervical - n/a
thoracic - 11
lumbar - 4
pelvic - 4/5

Question 18

major (sympathetic and p/s) plexus

Answer 18

• cardiac
• pulmonary
• celiac
• hypogastric

Question 19

rest and digest division

Answer 19

parasympathetic division

Question 20

cranial nerves of brainstem in craniosacral division of p/s

Answer 20

• oculomotor
• facial
• glossopharyngeal
• vagus

Question 21

pelvic splanchnics associate with what cord segments

Answer 21

S2-4

Question 22

sacral autonomic nucleus (S2-4) is located in what lamina

Answer 22

VII

Question 23

pathways of the sacral autonomic nucleus

Answer 23

• nucleus in lamina VII
• axons come out ventral root of cauda equina
• exit into pelvic cavity within pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 24

organs effected by p/s

Answer 24

• heart
• eye
• salivary glands
• bladder
• reproductive organs (erection/ejaculation)

Question 25

peripheral effectors of p/s

Answer 25

- sweat glands - vasculature (vasomotor tone) - arrector pili muscles

Question 26

provide information about changes in the body's internal environment; unconscious but may mediate some conscious visceral sensation such as hunger, nausea, and distension

Answer 26

general visceral afferents

Question 27

which cranial nerves are most associated with GVA's

Answer 27

CN 9 and 10

Question 28

____ region aids in regulation of normal physiological function

Answer 28

vagal and pelvic afferents - vagus n - pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 29

_____ region aids in transmitting mechanosensitive information and pathophysiological information related to potentially harmful mechanical or chemical stimuli resulting from ischemia, inflammation, and tissue injury

Answer 29

spinal afferents

Question 30

GVA's are located at what cord segments

Answer 30

T1-L2/3 and S2-4

Question 31

perceived as originating from deep, midline, structures; accompanied by nausea and ill-being

Answer 31

true pain

Question 32

localized to a distant cutaneous site or to muscles

Answer 32

referred pain

Question 33

visceral pain pathway

Answer 33

- viscerosomatic or viscerovisceral reflex - enter lissauer's tract and ascend/descend 1-5 segments - enter dorsal horn and synapse in many laminae - synapse on postsynaptic dorsal column cells - synapse in gracile and cuneate nuclei; then go to VPL and other thalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, amygdala, RF

Question 34

second order axons to the brain via what ascending tracts for visceral pain pathway

Answer 34

- spinothalamic tract (location/intensity) - spinoreticular tract (conscious attentiveness to the pain) - other tracts in amygdala, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex

Question 35

somatic afferent and visceral afferents converge on same pool of viscerosomatic neurons pain is referred to area innervated by the somatic afferents that have entered the same cord segments as the visceral afferents

Answer 35

convergence-projection theory

Question 36

what are the ANS neurotransmitters

Answer 36

acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

Question 37

store neurotransmitter; sites for neurotransmission

Answer 37

variscotities