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ANS - basics Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic agonists (3)

A
  • catecholamines
  • sympathomimetics
  • mixed sympathomimetics
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2
Q

Which catecholamine does not act as a beta 2 agonist?

A

noradrenaline

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3
Q

adrenaline stimulates

A
  • alpha
  • beta 1
  • beta 2
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4
Q

ANS stands for

A

autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

What does the ANS do? (2) (very vague)

A
  • innervates the organs

- responsible for the regulation of their functions

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6
Q

The ANS is divided into two subsystems

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system.

- Parasympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

ANS controls _____ functions

A

visceral

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8
Q

ANS functions below the level of _______

A

consciousness

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9
Q

ANS innervates : (3)

A
  • Vascular and visceral smooth muscle -Endo- and exocrine glands
  • Parenchymal cells of various organs and systems.
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10
Q

SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC have _____ actions with some exceptions

A

opposite

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11
Q

Sympathetic activity increases….

A

in stress

situations (fight or flight)

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12
Q

Sympathetic activity is also known as…?

A

fight or flight

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13
Q

Parasympathetic activity is also known as…?

A

rest and digest

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14
Q

Do we have a balance of both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems? why?

A

Yes

- to regulate physiological functioning of organs in normal conditions

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15
Q

The ANS has autonomic innervation of the: (3)

A
  • Heart
  • Smooth muscle
  • glands of the viscera
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16
Q

Functions of the ANS: (7)

A

-Autonomic innervation of the heart, smooth muscle and glands of viscera.
- Distribution of blood flow and maintenance of tissue perfusion.
-Blood pressure regulation.
-Adjusting the volume and composition of the
extracellular medium.
-Energy consumption.
-Contribution of substrates for metabolism.
-Control of visceral and glandular smooth muscle

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17
Q

What is the name of the system for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Adrenergic system

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18
Q

What is the name of the system for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

cholinergic system

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19
Q

What is the final neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Noradrenalin (NA)

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20
Q

Whats the abbreviation for noradrenalin?

A

NA

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21
Q

What is the final neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

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22
Q

Whats the abbreviation for acetylcholine?

A

Ach

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23
Q

What is the receptor for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Adrenergic receptors

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24
Q

What is the receptor for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Cholinergic receptors

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25
Name the adrenergic receptors: (5)
- a1 - a2 - b1 - b2 - b3
26
The a1 receptor affect which tissues? (2)
- Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) | - Bladder sphincter
27
The a2 receptor affect which tissues?
Pancreatic islets
28
The b1 receptor affects which tissues?
-heart
29
The b2 receptor affects which tissues?
- Vascular Smooth Muscle (coronaries, muscle) - Bronchial smooth muscle - Uterus muscle
30
The b3 receptor affects which tissues?
Fat tissue
31
What effects does the a1 receptor have? (2)
- Vasoconstriction (Vascular smooth muscle) | - Contraction (Bladder sphincter)
32
What effects does the a2 receptor have?
-decreased insulin secretion (Pancreatic islets)
33
What effects does the b1 receptor have? (3)
All affect the heart: - Increased Inotropism (contractibility) - Increased Chronotropism (frequency of beats) - Increased Excitability
34
What is inotropism?
Contractibility of a muscle
35
What is chronotropism
Frequency of heart reate
36
What effects does the b2 receptor have? (3)
- Vasodilatation (vascular smooth muscle - coronaries, muscle) - Bronchodilatation (bronchial smooth muscle) - Uterus relaxation (uterus muscle)
37
What effects does the b3 receptor have?
Lipolysis (fat tissue)
38
What are the cholinergic receptors?
- M - Nm - Nn
39
What tissues does the M receptor affect?
effector organs
40
What tissues does the Nm receptor affect?
Skeleteal muscle at nueromusclar junction
41
What tissues does the Nn receptor affect? (2)
- autonomic ganglia | - adrenal medulla
42
What enzymes are in the inter-synaptic space of the adrenergic synapses? (2)
- COMT (catechol-o-methyltransferase) | - MAO (monoamineoxidase)
43
What enzyme is in the inter-synaptic space of the cholinergic synapses?
AcheE (Acetylcholinesterase)
44
The sympathetic system _____ heart rate
increases
45
The parasympathetic system _____ heart rate
decreases
46
The sympathetic system _____ cardiac contractility
increases
47
The parasympathetic system _____ cardiac contractility
decreases
48
The sympathetic system _____ cardiac excitability
increases
49
The parasympathetic system _____ cardiac excitability
decreases
50
The sympathetic system _____ blood vessels EXCEPT _____ & ______
contracts EXCEPT muscle and coronary
51
The parasympathetic system _____ blood vessels
dilates
52
The sympathetic system _____ in the stomach/intestine/gall bladder (2)
decreases motility and secretion
53
The parasympathetic system _____ in the stomach/intestine/gall bladder (2)
increases motility and secretion
54
The sympathetic system _____ in the bronchial tube
increases secretions
55
The parasympathetic system _____ in the bronchial tube
He hasnt mentioned anything in his slides. I emailed him
56
The sympathetic system _____ bronchial muscles
relaxes (bronchodilation)
57
The parasympathetic system _____ bronchial muscles
contracts (bronchoconstriction)
58
The sympathetic system _____ urinary bladder. bladder sphincter?
- relaxes urinary bladder | - contracts sphincter
59
The parasympathetic system _____ urinary bladder. bladder sphincter?
- contracts urinary bladder | - relaxes sphincter
60
The sympathetic system _____ pupils
-dilates (Mydriasis)
61
What is Mydriasis
dilation of pupils | -part of sympathetic response
62
What is Miosis
constriction of the pupil
63
The parasympathetic system _____ pupils
contracts (Miosis)
64
The sympathetic system _____ utereus
relaxes
65
The parasympathetic system _____ utereus
He hasnt mentioned anything in his slides. I emailed him
66
The sympathetic system _____ sweat glands
increases local secretion
67
The parasympathetic system _____ sweat glands
highly increases generalized secretions
68
Where is the sympathetic center?
spinal cord
69
Where is the parasympathetic center?
cranial and sacral

Pharm (14 decks)

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