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Pharmacology (Fall) > ANS Con't - Sympathetic (Adrenergic) > Flashcards

ANS Con't - Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Flashcards

1
Q

Constrict pupils =

A

M3

(PNS)

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2
Q

Stimulate salivation =

A

M3

(PNS)

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3
Q

Slow HR =

A

M2

(PNS)

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4
Q

Constrict airways =

A

M3

(PNS)

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5
Q

Stimulate activity of stomach =

A

M3

(PNS)

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6
Q

Stimulate activity of intestine =

A

M3

(PNS)

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7
Q

Contract bladder =

A

M3

(PNS)

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8
Q

Dilate pupils =

A

a1

(SNS)

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9
Q

Inhibit salivation =

A

B

(SNS)

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10
Q

Increase HR =

A

B1

(SNS)

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11
Q

Relax airways =

A

B2

(SNS)

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12
Q

Inhibit activity of stomach =

A

B2

(SNS)

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13
Q

Stimulate release of glucose

Inhibit gallbladder =

A

B2

(SNS)

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14
Q

Inhibit activity of intestine =

A

B2

(SNS)

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15
Q

Secrete EPI & NE =

A

nicotinic

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16
Q

Relax bladder =

A

B2

(SNS)

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17
Q

Promote ejaculation & vaginal contraction =

A

a1

(SNS)

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18
Q

Effect of symp & parasymp on eyes:

  1. Pupillary opening
A
  1. Pupillary opening
    - symp. - radial muscle of iris; contraction (a1), midriasis
    - para - circular muscle of iris; contraction (M3), miosis
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19
Q

Effect of symp & parasymp on eyes:

  1. Lens focusing
A

parasymp - ciliary muscle; contraction (M3), near vision

20
Q

Effect of parasym on:

Gastrointestinal glands, salivary glands, lacrimal glands, nasal glands (GLANDS)

A

• Effect from M3 muscarinic stimulation
– Watery secretory product

(increase water secretions)

21
Q

Effect of sym on:

Gastrointestinal glands, salivary glands, lacrimal glands, nasal glands (GLANDS)

A

• Effect from B adrenergic stimulation – Secretion of protein: enzyme and mucus
• Effect from a adrenergic stimulation – Vasoconstriction➔decrease water
decrease and concentrate secretion

(decrease water secretions, therefore if wanna control runny nose, you’ll activate SNS to dry nose)

(cause a thicker secretion)

22
Q

Effect of sym on:

Systemic blood vessels (Vasular smooth muscle)

A
  • Skin, splanchnic vessels –> contraction (a1)
  • vessels in skeletal muscle –> relaxation (muscarinic)
23
Q

Effect of parasym on:

Systemic blood vessels (Vasular smooth muscle)

A
  • Endothelial cells - release EDRF (M3)
24
Q

NE mainly stimulate…

A

a1 receptors (in vessels)
- increase BP markedly

25
Q

E has higher affinity for…

A

B receptor (in cardiac muscle)
- increase HR & contractility
- less effect on mean arterial pressure

26
Q

Effect of sym on:

GI smooth muscle

A
  • GI smooth muscle –> relaxation (B2)
  • GI sphincter –> contraction (a1) (used for drugs that’ll cause nasal drip inhibition & decrease BP)
27
Q

Effect of parasym on:

GI smooth muscle

A
  • GI smooth muscle –> contraction (M3)
  • GI sphinter –> relaxation
28
Q

How does the baroreceptor reflex work?

A

(When: heart failure, hypovolemia, hemorrhage, postural changes)

  1. decrease BP
  2. carotid sinus/aortic arch decrease firing rate of afferents
  3. cardiovascular centre
  4. increase symp. nerve activity & decrease parasymp nerve activity
  5. increase HR, increase SV, arteriolar constriction
  6. return BP back towards normal
29
Q

What is the result of the heart & arteriole (BP or arteriole constriction) systems always working in conjugation?

A

if give a drug that decrease BP, it’ll cause rxn of heart to increase HR to try to return to normal of if you give a drug that decrease HR SV, you’ll cause arteriole constriction b/c its trying to return BP back & therefore give lower amounts & then ramp it up b/c have to consider rxn of other system

30
Q

What is Denervation supersensitivity?

A

Destruction of sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves
– Decrease function
– Chemical adaptation of organ, hence, increase intrinsic tone

Increase response to external neurotransmitter of organs denervated
– Up regulation of cholinergic and adrenergic receptors in end organs

31
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

There are at least 4 types: a1, a2, b1 & b2
– Effector organs: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
– All respond to both Norepinephrine (NE) and Epinephrine (E)
•NE: a>b
•E: b>a

32
Q

Functions of Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes

Alpha1

A

– Vasoconstriction (medical: nasal
decongestant, increase BP (trauma, shock),
– Pupil dilation (Medical: eye exams)
– Inhibits uterine contraction in pregnancy (Medical: Delay birth, side effect)
– Ejaculation (Medical: None yet- drugs in development)
– Contraction of bladder neck and prostate (Medical: Negative side effect)

33
Q

Functions of Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes

Alpha2

A

– Located in presynaptic junction
– Inhibits NT release, thus inhibiting sympathetic (adrenergic) activation

(inhibits its own system/NT release; only on certain system (so won’t act. everywhere)
- used for changes in BP, & changes in bladder & prostate activity
- act. of a2 will inhibit

34
Q

Alpha2 responses

A

Though it inhibits adrenergic activation, its
not complete nor perfectly opposite of 1

35
Q

Functions of Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes

Beta1

A

– Kidney
• Renin release
causes vasoconstriction

– Heart:
• Increases
– Heart rate (tachycardia)
– Force of contraction (increase workload of heart to increase BF)
– Velocity of conduction in AV node (ability of heart to beat faster)

36
Q

Functions of Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes:

Beta2 & Dopamine

A

Beta2 (lungs, metabolism & uterinary contraction)
– Bronchial dilation
– Relaxation of uterine muscle
– Vasodilation
– Glycogenolysis
– Glucagon release
(increase glucose into blood)

• Dopamine
– Dilates renal blood vessels *

37
Q

If you activate ___, you’re helping the lungs to breath. How?

A

B2
- but if you’re given a drug that activates B2, it’s gonna activate B1 & a1, so you’ll get increase BP, increase HR (therefore not specific but we can use an inhaler)

38
Q

a1-

A

Increases vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, relaxes uterine contraction, contraction of bladder and prostate neck, ejaculation (increase BP)

39
Q

a2-

A

Cardiac vasoconstriction, Inhibits NE brain release, Inhibits insulin release

40
Q

B1 -

A

Increases HR and contraction, Renin release

41
Q

B2 -

A

Lung bronchi dilation, relax uterus, vasodilation, Glucose release

42
Q

a1

2nd messengers, distribution, agonist & antagonist

A

IP3, DAG

blood vessels, GI sphincter

agonist: pseudophedrine (taken to dry your nose)

antagonist: prazosin (inhibits a1 (good to decrease BP or contraction of bladder neck)

43
Q

a2

2nd messengers, distribution, agonist & antagonist

A

decrease cAMP

presynaptic terminal

agonist: clonidine (act. a2 which inhib a1, which lower BP)

44
Q

b1

2nd messengers, distribution, agonist & antagonist

A

increase cAMP

heart (to make it beat harder)

agonist: isoproterenol, dobutamine
- act B1, which increase HR & SV (caffeine, nic, etc. any stimulates do this as well)

antagonist: propanolol
- decrease heart activity

45
Q

B2

2nd messengers, distribution, agonist & antagonist

A

increase cAMP

airway, GI urogenital

agonist: isoproterenol, terbutaline
- act. B2, help lungs, increase cAMP

antagonist: propanolol
- inibit B2

Pharmacology (Fall) (28 decks)

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