ANS Exam 2

Question 0

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐮

Answer 0

35% more milk

63% fewer cows

Question 1

2 benefits of genetic engineering

Answer 1

Increase efficiency of production

Increase quality of production

Question 2

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐷

Answer 2

Have to eat 6 lbs of feed to gain 1 lb previously, now only have to eat 2.5

Question 3

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐑

Answer 3

Wool increased in volume 4x/fleece

Question 4

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐔

Answer 4

Used to be fully grown at 12 weeks, now only 36 days

Question 5

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🦃

Answer 5

Can’t breed on their own anymore, now need artificial insemination

Question 6

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐴

Answer 6

We’ve been trying to make them faster but it hasn’t worked yet, we HAVE started a lot of genetic diseases

Question 7

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐶

Answer 7

We made a lot of cuties but it caused a lot of genetic problems

Question 8

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐱

Answer 8

Not much is really working

Question 9

Formula for linking genes to phenotype

Answer 9

Phenotype = genotype + environment

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

Basic unit of inheritance consisting of a DNA sequence at a specific location on a chromosome

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

One of a number of long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the nucleus of every cell

Question 12

Artificial selection

Answer 12

Human deciding who gets to become parents

Question 13

Inbreeding

Answer 13

Mating of animals more closely related than the average of the population

Question 14

Linebreeding

Answer 14

Concentrate genes of a particular ancestor

Question 15

One pro and con of inbreeding

Answer 15

Makes breeding easily predictable

Often associated w genetic diseases

Question 16

Outbreeding

Answer 16

Mating animals less closely related than the average of the population

Question 17

Crossbreeding

Answer 17

Breeding of animals of different breeds or species, used a lot in meat production

Question 18

Heterosis

Answer 18

“Hybrid vigor”

Average of the crossbred offspring is superior to the average of the parental breeds for “x” trait

Question 19

Complementary

Answer 19

Combining desirable different traits from two or more breeds (ex: labradoodle)

Question 20

Artificial insemination

Answer 20

Semen is deposited in the female reproductive tracts by artificial techniques

Question 21

Haploid

Answer 21

Half of the chromosome material

Question 22

Diploid

Answer 22

Full chromosome compliment

Question 23

Triploid

Answer 23

3 halves, most animals don’t survive with this but if theyndo they’re genetically “unfit” and can’t reproduce

Question 24

What type of triploid species can survive and what's unique about them

Answer 24

Aquatic species, they keep growing and don't stop and get really huge

Question 25

Selection

Answer 25

Only allow animals with desires trait to reproduce

Question 26

3 problems with selection

Answer 26

What if desired trait does not exist? We can't control the mutations we just gotta hope There's no guarantee the good trait will be passed on

Question 27

Gene insertion

Answer 27

Insert gene for desired trait

Question 28

Cloning

Answer 28

Exact genetic copy of desired individual

Question 29

Embryo splitting

Answer 29

Method of cloning, separating of one embryo into multiple embryos (sort of like identical twins)

Question 30

Transgenic animals

Answer 30

Animals made by gene insertion

Question 31

What gene causes a firefly to glow?

Answer 31

Luciferase

Question 32

Lactoferin gene

Answer 32

When stimulated, major cancer-fighting compound

Question 33

What was the first FDA approved drug developed from a genetically engineered animal?

Answer 33

ATryn

Question 34

Antithrombin

Answer 34

Plasma protein with anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties

Question 35

Why are fish easier to work with

Answer 35

Everything reproduction happens on the outside

Question 36

Four purposes of rumen microflora

Answer 36

Alter microorganisms Alter methane production Increase ability to digest cellulose Alter select microorganisms to tolerate different environment conditions

Question 37

Benefits of genetic engineering in terms of food production (4)

Answer 37

Decreased pesticide/herbicide/fertilizers Increases yields and productivity Increased flavor and longevity Increased nutrient content

Question 38

Benefits of genetic engineering in terms of medical issues (3)

Answer 38

Increased availability of drugs Decreased cost of med supplies Decreased costs of hospitalizations Others not yet known

Question 39

Five risks of genetic engineering

Answer 39

``` Genetically engineered organisms cause trouble when released into the wild Long term effect on humans Decrease in biodiversity Unethical/unlawful technology use Playing God? ```

Question 40

Five reasons sheep were among the earliest domesticated animals

Answer 40

``` Result in lots of product Small size Highly gregarious Ease of handling Adapted to a variety of climates ```

Question 41

Main sheep we domesticated

Answer 41

Mouflon

Question 42

What type of sheep did native Americans domesticate

Answer 42

Navajo-churro

Question 43

Measurement that qualifies as fine wool

Answer 43

17-20 microns

Question 44

Why do you want ewes to have better wool than rams?

Answer 44

Because you're gonna have more wool than rams in the pack. Rams with better meat quality will get with ewes with better wool quality and result in lambs with both qualities

Question 45

Most common breed of sheep in US

Answer 45

Rambouillet

Question 46

Second most common breed of sheep in US

Answer 46

delaine merino

Question 47

Where are hair breeds of sheep best suited to?

Answer 47

Tropical environments

Question 48

Six steps of wool to fabric productions

Answer 48

``` Sheer the sheep Wash it Remove the lanolin Dye it Spin it into yarn Make it into fabric ```

Question 49

Lanolin

Answer 49

Oily grease found in wool used in makeup and other products

Question 50

Two parts of a wool fiber

Answer 50

Spongey cortex | Outer cuticle