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ANS 120 > ANS FInal > Flashcards

ANS FInal Flashcards

(134 cards)

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1
Q

Domestic

A

to adapt to life in intimate association with and to the advantage of humans

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2
Q

Tame

A

animal that is relativley tolerant of human presence

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3
Q

Wild

A

A
living in a natural, undomesticated state

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4
Q

criterion for domestication

A
  • diet
  • growth rate
  • breed in captivity
  • disposition
  • less likely to panic
  • size
  • social hierarchy
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5
Q

flight zone

A

imaginary space around an animal in which it feels safe

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6
Q

how does field of vision affect certain animals

A

horse, cattle, pigs, goats, sheep all have >300 degrees of vision
sheep have 190-320 depending on wool
have blind area right in front of face for prey animals

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7
Q

what is point of balance

A

line at animals shoulder that makes them move

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8
Q

what are the hand tools used for animal management?

A

sheep hook
sorting pole
rattle paddle
hog slat
hog snare
halter

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9
Q

carnivore diet

A

> 80-90% animal based diet
chemical digestion
very limited microbial digestion

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10
Q

omnivore diet

A

meats
highly digestible plant components
chemical digestion
microbial digestion is limited to very limited (species dependent)

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11
Q

herbivore diet

A

primarily eat forages (low digestible plant components)
microbial digestion is primary
chemical digestion is secondary

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12
Q

4 types of digestive tracts

A

monogastric, ruminent, non-ruminent, modified monogastric

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13
Q

monogastric digestive tract

A

mouth –> mastication (mechanical) and saliva (chemical)
esophagus –> transport
stomach –> chemical digestion
small intestine –> proximal (digestion) and distal (absorption)
cecum –> blind pouch
large intestine –> h2O absorption

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14
Q

NRH digestive tract

A

mouth –> mastication (mechanical) and saliva (chemical)
esophagus –> transport
stomach –> chemical digestion
small intestine –> proximal (digestion) and distal (absorption)
cecum –> microbial digestion
large intestine –> H20 absorption and microbial digestion

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15
Q

modified monogastric digestive tract

A

esophagus –> transport
crop –> moistening
proventriculus –> chemical digestion
gizzard –> mastication
small intestine –> proximal (digestion) and distal (absorption)
ceca –> two lobes
large intestine –> H20 absorption
cloaca –> defecation

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16
Q

ruminent digestive tract

A

mouth –> mastication (mechanical) and saliva (chemical)
esophagus –> transport (go both ways)
rumen (fermentation vat/VFA’s absorbed) -> reticulum (strainer) -> omasum (water absorption) -> abomasum (gastric stomach, digests microbes and VFA’s (from feed)
small intestine –> proximal (digestion) and distal (absorption)
cecum –> blind pouch
large intestine –> H20 absorption and microbial digestion

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17
Q

feedstuff classifications

A

roughages, concentrates, feed additives

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18
Q

definition of a roughage

A

high in fibre so has low energy, has nitrogen fixation bacteria

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19
Q

types of roughages

A

protenacous (alfalfa) and carbonacous (grasses)

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20
Q

types of energy concentrates

A

plant sources and animal sources

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21
Q

protein concentrates from animals (2 examples)

A

bone or blood meal

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22
Q

protein concentrates from plants (2 examples)

A

cottonseed or soybean meal

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23
Q

2 types of feed additives

A

nutrient additives and non-nutrient additives

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24
Q

nutrient additives are

A

essential for life support

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25
non-nutrient additives ....
alters metabolism
26
monogastric energy source
simple CHO's
27
ruminents and NRH energy source
simple CHO's are used, but VFA's are primary energy substrate
28
where do monogastrics get protien?
from diet
29
where do ruminents/NRH get protien
diet and digested microbes
30
male repro tract
testes --> epidydimus --> vas deferens --> accesory glands ---> glans penis
31
testes
sperm and hormone production
32
male gamete production occurs in
the seminiferous tublule
33
where are sertoli cells and what do they produce
inside seminiferous tubule --> estrogens
34
where are the leydig cells and what do they produce
outside the seminifeorus tubule --> testosterone
35
what is the epidymus responsible for
sperm storage and maturation
36
vas deferens is for
transport
37
what are the accessory glands
seminal, prostate, bulbourethral glands
38
corpus cavernosum
vascular control
39
tunica albuginea
rigid and fiberous
40
female repro tract
ovary --> oviduct --> uterus --> cervix --> vagina
41
functions of the ovary (endocrine and exocrine)
ex. ovum production, end. follicular cells produce estrogen and theca interna produces testosterone, corpus luteum produces progesterone
42
function of the uterus
nutrition, site of gestation, endocrine functions
43
functions of the cervix
physical barrier to protect uterus
44
functions of the vagina
semen depostion
45
functions of the oviduct
transport, site of fertilization, and embryo nutrition
46
estrus is
the period of receptivity of the female to be bred by the male
47
estrus cycle
all physiological events that occur from one ovulation to the next
48
proestrus
formation of the ovulatory follicles + estrogen secretion
49
estrus
sexual receptivity + peak estrogen secretion
50
metestrus
CL formation + beginning of progesterone secretion
51
diestrus
sustained luteal secretion of progesterone
52
castration
removal of the testicles
53
controlled/limited breeding season
limiting the time interval animals are allowed to mate
54
estrus synchronization
make all of the females go into heat at the same time, makes it more efficient
55
AI
semen is deposited in female repro tracts rather than by natural mating
56
breeding marks
marks made on the female when the male mounts her, can help identify earliest indication of conception, but they can wash off easily
57
P=G+E
phenotype = genetics + environment
58
gene expression (simple inherited gene expression)
dominance, recesssive, codominance, incomplete dominance
59
polygenic gene expression
additive gene action
60
gene
basic unit of inheritance consisting of a DNA sequence at a specific location on a chromosome
61
DNA
adenosine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
62
chromosome
one of a number of long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the nucleus of every cell.
63
inbreeding
mating of animals more closely related than the rest of the population
64
outbreeding
mating less closely related individuals when compared to the average of the population
65
purebreeding purpose
concentrate genes of an outstanding anscestor in the linebred individuals
66
crossbreeding
breeding of animals of different breeds or species
67
types of sheep breeds
fine wool, meat, multipurpose, long wool, hair, and color
68
sheep feeding
weaning, creep feeder, use molassas and shit to make it taste better to convince sheeps to move over
69
when do sheep get bred
sept-nov
70
when does lambing occur
day 147 (mar-apr)
71
when does weaning occur in lambs
day 200 (may-june)
72
when do lambs go to market
day 260 (july-aug)
73
challenges of sheep industry
competing with synthetic fibres, and predetation and isolation for farmers
74
goat breed types
dairy, hair, meat
75
how long is a dairy cow's lactation cycle
305 days
76
cows gestation cycle
285 days
77
when are dairy calves weaned
6/8 weeks of age
78
when are heifers first bred?
15 mos
79
when is a heifer's first calving
24 mos
80
when is a dairy cow rebred
day 80 after first calving
81
when is early lactation
50-60 days
82
when is mid lactation
60-175 days
83
when is late lactation
175/180-305
84
what is grade a milk
<100,000 SCC and <1,000,000 bacteria/ml
85
what is grade b milk
scc > 250,000 and > 1,000,000 bacteria/ml
86
how is milk processed in the US
pasteurization and homogenization
87
what are the types of dairy products
1. fluid milk 2. soft products (yogurts, ice cream, sour creme) 3. cheese
88
what are the types of dairy products
1. fluid milk 2. soft products (yogurts, ice cream, sour creme) 3. cheese 4. butter
89
why is there been more success recently in the dairy industry
DHIA, AI, and sire summaries
90
order of beef supply chain
(purebreeders) --> cow/calf operations --> stocker --> feedlot --> packers
91
quality grade
prediction of palatablility
92
yield grade
estimated proportion of "primary retail cuts" from a carcass
93
what 2 things determine quality grade
age and intramuscular fat
94
what are the grades of yield grade
1-5
95
gestation of beef cattle
285 days
96
what happens 6-8 weeks after calving for beef cattle
spring work
97
at 5-7 months for beef cattle
they are weaned
98
when do cows go to the stocker
at 5-7 mos
99
when do cows go to the feed lot
9-12 mos
100
when are grain-finished animals slaughtered
14/16 mos
101
estrus of a horse
5-7 days
102
ovulation of a horse
24-48 hours before end of estrus
103
gestation of a horse
335 days
104
why is horse confirmation important
pleasant riding experience and the horses health and wellbeing
105
what is the hand equivalent to on a horse
cannon
106
what is the human knuckle comparable to on a horse
fetlock
107
when are horses bred
in second estrus cycle after foaling
108
4 beat gait
walk
109
2 beat gait
trot
110
3 beat gait
canter
111
when do horses breed
spring -- long day breeders
112
all in/all out cycle
days 1-3 all chicks come in day 35-50 all chicks out sterilization/sanitation 10 days all in over again all out day 45-60
113
lifecycle of laying hens
fertilization (day 0), hatching (day 21), growout (18-22 wks), laying phase (50 wks), molting at 68-72 wks old, then laying phase 2 occurs for 30-40 more weeks
114
egg classification
definition of yolk and air bubble size
115
farm flock
small numbers, east of the Mississippi river
116
range flock
large numbers, west of the missisippi river
117
lamb feedlots
feed lambs from weaning to 120-150 lbs
118
equine equivalent of shoulder blade
shoulder blade
119
equine equivalent of the upper arm
upper arm
120
equine equivalent of the forearm
forearm
121
equine equivalent of wrist
knee
122
equine equivalent of p-1
long pastern
123
equine equivalent of p-2
short pastern
124
equine equivalent of p-3
coffin joint
125
estrus cycle of swine
21 days
126
puberty of swine
6 months
127
gestation of swine
114 days
128
standing heat
2 days
129
what is ai duration for swine after standing heat
every 12 hours
130
when does ovulation occur for swine
abt 36-40 hours after standing heat
131
when are piglets weaned
21-28 days at 16-20 lbs
132
when are pigs in the nursery
from 3 weeks of age to 6-10 wks at 50-60 lbs
133
how long are pigs grow finished
enter at 50-60 lbs, 9 wks old. go to market at 280 lbs, abt 6 months old
134
how is pork graded
color, texture, and exudation

ANS 120 (15 decks)

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