nutrition

Question 1

feed classifications

Answer 1

roughages, concentrates, feed additives

Question 2

roughages

Answer 2

high in fiber so low in energy. has nitrogen fixation bacteria

Question 3

2 types of roughages

Answer 3

proteinaceous (alfalfa) and carbonaceous (grasses)

Question 4

hay

Answer 4

preservation method based on removal of water content

Question 5

silage

Answer 5

preservation method based on acidification by fermentation

Question 6

types of concentrates

Answer 6

energy (low in fibre//high in energy) –> plant sources
protein (35-90% CP) –> plant and animal sources

Question 7

how does an increase in processing affect nutrients?

Answer 7

increase in processing means increased digestibility and rate of passage

Question 8

2 examples of protien concentrates from animal and plant sources

Answer 8

animal –> bone or blood meal
plant –> cottonseed or soybean meal

Question 9

2 types of feed additives

Answer 9

nutrient additives and non-nutrient additives

Question 10

nutrient additives

Answer 10

essential for life support

Question 11

non-nutrient additives

Answer 11

alters metabolism

Question 12

how does nutrient requirements change?

Answer 12

physical –> weight/size, stage of production, age, work
environmental –> climate, physical activity, diseases

Question 13

body composition of animals

Answer 13

60% water
16% protein
2-20% fat
4% ash

Question 14

water

Answer 14

essential for transport, lubrication and cooling

Question 15

what happens if more than 10% of the body water is lost?

Answer 15

death

Question 16

monosaccharides

Answer 16

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 17

disaccharides

Answer 17

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 18

polysaccharides

Answer 18

starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 19

monogastric energy source

Answer 19

simple CHO’s

Question 20

ruminants and NRH energy source

Answer 20

simple CHO’s but VFA’s are primary role as energy substrate

Question 21

how much more energy does fats have than carbohydrates?

Answer 21

~2.25x

Question 22

why use carbohydrates as energy instead of fats?

Answer 22

cost of fats is much higher

Question 23

where do monogastrics get protein?

Answer 23

diet

Question 24

where do ruminants get protein?

Answer 24

diet and digested microbes

Question 25

macrominerals

Answer 25

required in greater proportion by animals calcium, sodium, potassium, chlorine

Question 26

microminerals

Answer 26

required in lower proportions by animals iodine and iron

Question 27

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 27

a, d, e, k

Question 28

water soluble vitamins

Answer 28

c, b-complex