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ANS- Parasympathetic Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What is the MOA of Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic agonist

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2
Q

what neurotransmitter is used in the PNS?

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

What are the receptors for Acetylcholine?

A

Muscarinic & nicotinic/cholinergic

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4
Q

What is Pilocarpine used to treat?

A

Glaucoma

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5
Q

What are the adverse effects of Pilocarpine?

A

Blurred vision, painful eye, night blindness

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6
Q

What is the MOA for Neostigmine

A

Reversible AchE inhibitor

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7
Q

What is Neostigmine used for?

A

Myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular blockade

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8
Q

What are side effects of neostigmine?

A

Diarrhea, increased salivation & sweating, abdominal cramps & bradycardia

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9
Q

What is the MOA of Pyridostigmine?

A

Reversible AchE inhibitor

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10
Q

What is Pyridostigmine used for?

A

Chronic myasthenia gravis

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11
Q

What are side effects of Pyridostigmine?

A

Diarrhea, increased salivation & sweating, abdominal pain & bradycardia

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Edrophonium?

A

Short-acting AchE inhibitor

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13
Q

What is Edrophonium used for?

A

Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

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14
Q

What are the side effects of Edrophonium?

A

Diarrhea, increased salivation & sweating, abdominal pain, bradycardia

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine & galantamine

A

Reversible AchE inhibitors

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16
Q

What are Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine & galantamine used to treat?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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17
Q

What are the side effects of Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine & galantamine?

A

Tacrine: hepatotoxicity
Others: GI distress

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18
Q

What are the methods of administration for Neostigmine?

A

Intramuscularly, subcutaneous & IV

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19
Q

How long does Neostigmine take to work IM & IV?

A

IM = 20 minutes
IV = 4-8 minutes

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20
Q

What is Neostigmine’s DOA (duration of action)?

A

2-4 hours

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21
Q

How is Pyridostigmine administered?

A

Orally

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22
Q

What is Pyridostigmine’s DOA?

A

3-6 hours

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23
Q

What is Edrophonium’s DOA?

A

5-10 minutes

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24
Q

What is an antidote for cholinergic adverse effects?

A

Atropine

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25
What are the effects of Hyoscine butylbromide & Dicyclomine?
Reduces smooth muscle & secretory activity of the gut
26
What are Hyoscine butylbromide & Dicyclomine used for?
IBS antispasmodic
27
How are Hyoscine butylbromide & Dicyclomine administered?
Orally & parenteral
28
What are adverse effects of Hyoscine butylbromide & Dicyclomine?
Dry mouth, tachycardia, confusion, urinary retention & increased intraocular pressure
29
What is the half life of Atropine?
4hrs
30
What type of drug is atropine?
Anticholinergic/ cholinergic antagonist
31
What are the 5 therapeutic uses of Atropine?
Anti-secretory prior to surgery, retinal exam, antispasmodic of the GI & lower UTI, causes bradycardia & used as an antidote for Organophosphate poisoning.
32
What tissues are most sensitive to Atropine?
Bronchial, salivary & sweat glands
33
What effects does Atropine have on the eye?
It causes Mydriasis, cycloplegia & reduces lacrimal secretion
34
What side effect does Atropine have on the eye?
Dry eyes, increased intraocular pressure in closed angle glaucoma
35
What are the adverse effects of Atropine?
Dry mouth, blurred vision, 'sandy eyes', tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation CNS effects Dangerous in children: increased temperature
36
How many days do Atropine eye drops last?
5-6 days
37
What is the MOA of Glycopyrrolate?
Anticholinergic/antimuscarinic
38
What are the effects of Glycopyrrolate?
Decreased salivary & bronchial secretions
39
What is Glycopyrrolate used for?
Drooling/sialorrhea, anesthesia adjunct & post-op with Neostigmine
40
How is glycopyrrolate administered?
IV
41
What is the MOA for Glycopyrronium?
Anticholinergic/antimuscarinic
42
What are the effects of Glycopyrronium?
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
43
What is Glycopyrronium used for?
COPD maintenance with Indacaterol
44
How is Glycopyrronium administered?
Inhaler
45
What is the MOA for Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide?
Anticholinergic/antimuscarinic
46
What are the effects of Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide?
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
47
What are Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide used to treat?
Asthma & COPD
48
How are Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide administered?
Inhaler
49
What are the adverse effects of Ipratropium bromide & Tiotropium bromide?
xerostomia (dry mouth)
50
What are Tropicamide & Cyclopentolate used for?
Causes mydriasis & cycloplegia prior to refraction
51
How are Tropicamide & Cyclopentolate administered?
Eye drops Tropicamide= short-acting Cyclopentolate = long-acting
52
How does Atropine help in Organophosphate poisoning?
Blocks muscarinic excess at exocrine glands, heart & smooth muscle
53
How is Atropine administered for Organophosphate poinoning?
IV/IM
54
How does Atropine effect the CNS?
Counteracts vagal effects during anaesthesia & counteracts muscarinic activity of neuromuscular blockers therefore can be used to reverse NMB
55
What are the effects of Trihexyphenidyl & Biperiden?
Improves tremor
56
What is Trihexyphenidyl & Biperiden used to treat?
Parkinson's
57
How is Trihexyphenidyl administered?
Orally
58
How is Biperiden administered?
Oral,IV, IM
59
What is Oxybutynin & Darifenacin used for?
Urinary incontinence (Enuresis)
60
What are the effects of Oxybutynin & Darifenacin
Reduces detrusor muscle tone, spasms - reduces the ability of the muscle to contract therefore increasing bladder capacity
61
How are Oxybutynin & Darifenacin administered?
Orally
62
What are the side effects of Oxybutynin & Darifenacin?
Dry mouth (xerostomia), palpitations, constipation & confusion

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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