Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > ANS- Sympathetic > Flashcards

ANS- Sympathetic Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What neurotransmitter is used in the SNS

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the receptors for NE?

A

Alpha-adrenergic & Beta-adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 exceptions that use Ach instead of NE?

A

Adrenal medulla & sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What enzymes metabolize NE & epinephrine?

A

Catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) & monoaminoxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are drugs that activate alpha- and beta- adrenergics called?

A

Sympathomimetics (adrenergic agonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the drugs that inhibit alpha- and beta- adrenergics called?

A

Sympatholytics (adrenergic blockers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What chemical does NE come from?

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What inhibits the reuptake of NE?

A

Cocaine & imipramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Does Amphetamine cause a strong release of NE and epinephrine?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are alpha-1 receptors (stimulatory) located?

A

The eye and vascular smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are alpha-2 receptors located and what do they do?

A

In the pancreas, GIT & platelets
Inhibits the release of NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Location of beta-1 receptors? (= affinity for NE & epinephrine)

A

Cardiac tissue & juxtaglomerular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Location of beta-2 receptors? (higher affinity for epinephrine than NE)

A

Respiratory, liver, vascular skeletal muscle & uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are beta-3 receptors involved in?

A

Lipolysis & the detrusor muscle of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the effects of activated alpha-1 receptors?

A

Vasoconstriction, increased peripheral resistance, increased BP, mydriasis & increased contraction of bladder sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the effects of activated alpha-2 receptors?

A

Inhibits NE release
Inhibits Ach release
Inhibits insulin release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the effects of activated beta-1 receptors?

A

Increased HR, increased lipolysis, increased myocardial contractility & increased renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the effects of activated beta-2 receptors?

A

Vasodilation, decreased peripheral resistance, bronchodilation, increased glycogenolysis, increased glucagon release & relaxes uterine smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does adrenaline effect the heart (beta-1 receptors)?

A

It has positive ionotropic (increases heart contractility) & chronotropic (increases HR) effects on the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does adrenaline effect the vascular beds (alpha receptors)?

A

Causes vasoconstriction (increases BP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are indications for adrenaline (epinephrine)?

A

-Anaphylaxis
-In combination with local anaesthetics
-During cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are contraindications for adrenaline?

A

Tachyarrhythmias
Pheochromocytoma (tumor on adrenal medulla, causing over-stimulation of the SNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is adrenaline administered?

24
Q

What are adverse effects of adrenaline?

Study These Flashcards
A

Peripheral vasoconstriction (over time can cause necrosis/gangrene), angina, hypertension, tachycardia, ventricular arrythmias

25
What is the MOA of Phenylephrine?
Alpha-1 adrenoreceptor agonist
26
What are the effects of Phenylephrine?
Vasoconstriction - increases BP
27
How does Phenylephrine affect the eye?
Cause mydriasis - for eye examinations
28
How does Phenylephrine affect the nasal mucosa?
Causes vasoconstriction
29
What are 3 uses of Phenylephrine?
Nasal decongestant (oral/topical) Hypotension (IV) Mydriatic in eye exams (topical: eye drops)
30
What are the side effects of Phenylephrine?
Hypertension, headache
31
What is Oxymetazoline & Xylometazoline used for?
Nasal decongestant. Causes vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa.
32
How long can you use Oxymetazoline & Xylometazoline for?
Max. 5 days to avoid rebound congestion
33
How is Oxymetazoline & Xylometazoline administered?
As a topical nasal spray
34
What is the MOA of alpha-methyl dopa?
Central alpha-2 agonist
35
What is alpha-methyl dopa used to treat?
Hypertension in pregnancy
36
What are the side effects of alpha-methyl dopa?
Sedation, hyperprolactinemia
37
What is the MOA of dopamine?
adrenergic agonist
38
What does dopamine do at low doses?
Activates dopaminergic receptors in renal blood vessels - increases cAMP - renal vasodilation & diuresis
39
What does dopamine do at a higher dose?
Acts on beta-1 receptors in the heart (and D activity) causes positive ionotropic & chronotropic effects on myocardium
40
What do large doses on dopamine cause?
Alpha 1-adrenergic receptors are stimulated leading to vasoconstriction
41
what are indications for dopamine?
Cardiogenic & septic shock, acute hypotension, severe heart failure
42
What are side effects of dopamine?
Nausea, arrythmias & hypertension
43
What is the MOA of dobutamine?
Beta-1 agonist
44
What is the indication for Dobutamine?
Acute heart failure (MI)
45
What is the side effect of Dobutamine?
Atrial fibrillation
46
What is the MOA of Salbutamol (short-acting) & Salmeterol (long-acting)?
Beta-2 agonist (lungs)
47
What are Salbutamol & Salmeterol used to treat?
Asthma & COPD
48
What are the effects of Salbutamol & Salmeterol?
Bronchodilation
49
How are Salbutamol & Salmeterol administered?
Inhaler
50
What is the MOA of Ephedrine & Etilefrine?
Release stored NE from nerve endings & alpha & beta agonist
51
What are Ephedrine & Etilefrine used to treat?
Hypotension (anaesthesia induced hypotension)
52
How are Ephedrine & Etilefrine administered?
IV
53
What is the MOA of Pseudo-ephedrine & Phenylpropanolamine?
Alpha & beta agonist
54
What is Pseudo-ephedrine & Phenylpropanolamine used for?
Systemic nasal decongestant
55
What are the side effects of Pseudo-ephedrine & Phenylpropanolamine?
CNS stimulation with anxiety, tremors, restlessness, hypertension, tachycardia & palpitations.

Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions