Ansakis Species

Question 1

What type of animals are the primary definitive hosts for Anisakis nematodes?

Answer 1

Whales, dolphins, porpoises, walruses, seals, sea lions, & other deep-marine mammals.

Question 2

What is the common mode of transmission for Anisakis to humans?

Answer 2

Ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood.

Question 3

What is the infective stage of Anisakis for humans?

Answer 3

L3 larvae

Question 4

What is the diagnostic stage of Anisakis in humans?

Answer 4

L3 larvae (found in tissue, not in stool)

Question 5

What are the paratenic hosts for Anisakis that can transmit the infection to humans?

Answer 5

Crustaceans, Fish, Man (as incidental host)

Question 6

Describe the general characteristics of Anisakis L1 larvae.

Answer 6

Milky white in color with long stomach & a blunt tail with mucron

Question 7

Describe the general characteristics of Anisakis L2 larvae.

Answer 7

Short stomach & blunt tails.

Question 8

Describe the general characteristics of Anisakis L3 larvae.

Answer 8

Yellowish brown in color.

Question 9

Do Anisakis L3 larvae develop into adult worms in the human gut?

Answer 9

No, L3 larvae do not develop into adults in the human gut.

Question 10

What is the term for the disease caused by Anisakis?

Answer 10

Anisakiasis

Question 11

What are the key pathological manifestations of Anisakis infection?

Answer 11

Gastric pathology; severe abdominal pain with nausea & vomiting; acute allergic reactions.

Question 12

What are some common laboratory diagnostic methods for Anisakis?

Answer 12

Gastroscopic examination (during which 2 cm larvae can be removed); Recent history of ingesting raw fish or squid; ELISA & RAST.

Question 13

In which geographical locations is Anisakiasis commonly found?

Answer 13

apan, Korea, & European Countries where coastal population is common.

Question 14

What is the status of Anisakiasis documentation in the Philippines?

Answer 14

In the Philippines, anisakidosis has not yet been documented.

Question 15

What are the key prophylactic measures against Anisakis infection?

Answer 15

Properly cooking of seafood or freezing at -20°C for 7 days.

Question 16

What is the primary treatment for Anisakis infection?

Answer 16

Mechanically remove the larvae using endoscopic forceps.

Question 17

What are the common names for Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer 17

Guinea worm, Fiery serpent worm, Dragon worm, Medina worm

Question 18

What is the primary habitat of adult Dracunculus medinensis females in humans?

Answer 18

Subcutaneous tissue, especially in legs, arms & back of man.

Question 19

What is the mode of transmission for Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer 19

Drinking unfiltered water with copepods (also mentioned: ingestion of undercooked fish, though direct ingestion of cyclops in water is the primary mode)

Question 20

What is the infective stage of Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer 20

L3 larvae

Question 21

What is the diagnostic stage of Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer 21

Adult worms in the skin (emerging from ulcer).

Question 22

What is the definitive host for Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer 22

Man

Question 23

What is the intermediate host for Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer 23

Cyclops (copepods)

Question 24

Describe the general characteristics of adult Dracunculus medinensis worms.

Answer 24

Slender, long; Body is cylindrical, smooth, milk white color.

Question 25

Describe the size and reproductive characteristic of a female Dracunculus medinensis.

Answer 25

50-80 cm x 1.0-2.0 mm; Viviparous.

Question 26

What can happen if the toxic body fluid of Dracunculus medinensis escapes into tissues?

Answer 26

Causes a blister.

Question 27

What is the term for the disease caused by Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer 27

Dracunculiasis

Question 28

In which type of communities is Dracunculiasis typically found?

Answer 28

Rural communities that obtain their drinking water from ponds or from large step wells where Cyclops can breed.

Question 29

What are the common laboratory diagnostic methods for Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer 29

Detection of adult worm (when gravid female appears at skin surface); Detection of embryos (when cold water is placed on ulcer); Immunological tests (ELISA, Western blot & fluorescent Ab test); Blood examination (reveals eosinophilia).

Question 30

In which geographical regions is Dracunculus medinensis commonly found?

Answer 30

Africa & Indian subcontinent

Question 31

What are some key prophylactic measures against Dracunculus medinensis infection?

Answer 31

Filtering or boiling drinking water; Persuading or preventing infected persons with an emerging worm from entering water source; Treating water sources.

Question 32

What are some common treatments for Dracunculus medinensis infection?

Answer 32

Thiabendazole, Niridazole, Metronidazole, Mebendazole, Albendazole.