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ANSC 221 > ANSC 221 Exam 2 > Flashcards

ANSC 221 Exam 2 Flashcards

(111 cards)

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1
Q

What is defined as all of the chemical and physical changes that food undergoes to be absorbed

A

Digestion

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2
Q

What structures make up the digestive tract (8)

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

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3
Q

Gas is released from the rumen in a process called?

A

eructation

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4
Q

What is mastication

A

Chewing

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5
Q

What is the space in the esophagus where the grinding of food occurs which aids in digestion

A

Crop

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6
Q

What compartment of the cow’s stomach is nicknamed the honeycombed, helps in regurgitation and may trap foreign material like wire

A

Reticulum

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7
Q

Where does most of the VFA formation and absorption take place in the cow

A

Rumen

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8
Q

What compartment of the cow’s stomach keeps feed particles from moving on too quickly until fermentation is complete or particle size is small enough

A

Omasum

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9
Q

What compartment of the cow’s stomach corresponds to the stomach of the dogs

A

Abomasum

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10
Q

What is the organ called in chickens that correspond to the stomach of the pig

A

Proventriculus

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11
Q

Where in the horse and rabbit does fermentation of cellulose to VFA’s occur

A

Cecum

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12
Q

What organ produces enzymes for digesting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and also produces hormones that control blood sugar levels?

A

Pancreas

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13
Q

Where is bile produces

A

Liver

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14
Q

Where in the chicken does particles size reduction take place, replacing the action of teeth?

A

Gizzard

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15
Q

Name the 4 compartment of a ruminant stomach

A

Reticulum, Rumen, Omasum, Abomasum

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16
Q

Which part of an animal is involved in prehension

A

Lips

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17
Q

What is the function of bile

A

emulsify fats

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18
Q

What are the three enzymes found in the mouth

A

Amylase, Mucin, and Bicarbonate

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19
Q

Carboxypectin and chymotrypsin are what

A

Are secreted from the pancreas to digest protein

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20
Q

Choose all of the hormones in the list that help control the digestion process

A

CCK, Secretin and Gastrin

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21
Q

What organ produces enzymes for digesting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and also produces hormones that control blood sugar level

A

Pancreas

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22
Q

In digesting food and following the digestive process, where does food move through, and where do the enzymes come from?

A

Food moves through the stomach into intestines
Enzymes come from the small intestine

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23
Q

Which feed takes abundant amounts of water to grow, has a long growing season, and is mostly fed to people, not animals

A

Rice

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24
Q

Which feed is very small, often white round seed that is common in bird seed mixes

A

Millet

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25
Which grain has a standard weight of 32 pounds/bushels
Oats
26
Which feed often contains gossypol
Cottonseed
27
Which feed needs to toasted to destroy trypsin inhibitor
Soybean
28
Which feed was likely in the diet causing problems resulting in the Salem Witch Trials in early American History
Rye
29
Which grain often contains tannin which must be processed to remove, or counteracted
Grain sorghum
30
Which feed is lower in energy, has a very loose hull and is often fed to horses and young animals to get them started on feed
Oats
31
Which grain has a standard weight of 60 pounds/bushels
Wheat
32
which feed is most commonly used as the starting point for making beer, the byproduct of which makes good dairy cattle feed
Barley
33
Which of the following are considered protein supplement feeds
Soybean meal, fish meal, cottonseed meal, linseed meal
34
Explain the difference between carbohydrates digestion in a pig versus a cow
- Carbohydrates in a pig are digested by digestive enzymes to sugars that are absorbed in the small intestine - Carbohydrates in a cow are mostly broken down by microbes in the rumen to VFA's that are absorbed through the rumen wall
35
Test weight is the measure of what
Density
36
Which grain has a test weight of 48 pounds/bushels
Barley
37
Which grain has a test weight of 56 pounds/bushels
Corn
38
Which grain has a test weight of 60 pounds/bushels
Wheat
39
Which grain has a test weight of 32 pounds/bushels
Oats
40
What is the test weight of grain sorghum
56 lbs/bushels
41
T or F: Microbes in the rumen produce cellulase so they can digest lignin
False (they produce cellulase to digest cellulose)
42
Which feed is somewhat laxative and improves hair coats due to the mucin it contains
Linseed
43
Which feed comes from coconuts
Copra
44
Which energy fraction contains all the energy obtained when a feed sample is combusted in a Paar Adibatic Bomb Calorimeter
Gross energy
45
Which energy fraction is used for productive purposes by the animals
Net energy
46
Which energy fraction is obtained by accounting for energy lost in feces and in urine and gas
Metabolized energy
47
Which energy term is energy on a carbohydrates equivalent basis
TDN - total digestible energy
48
What substance buffers the low pH caused by acid production
Bicarbonate
49
Where is bile produced
liver
50
What is the function of bile
Emulsifies the fat
51
What value is urea to a horse relative to its value to a cow
0%, it will kill them because its monogastric
52
What is the main source of NPN that is fed to livestock
Urea
53
Cattle are able to digest cellulose because
They utilize bacteria for fermentation
54
What are the three types of fat
Yellow Grease, Tallow, Animal Fat
55
What compartment of the cow's stomach is nicknamed the honeycomb, helps in regurgitation and may trap foreign material like wire
Reticulum
56
What compartment of the cow stomach keeps feed particles from moving on too quickly until fermentation is complete or particle size is small enough?
Omasum
57
Where in the chicken does particle size reduction take place, replacing the action of teeth?
Gizzard
58
Corn gluten meal can be fed to chickens, pigs dogs and other animals but what is a reason to feed it to chickens that would not apply to feeding it to pigs or dogs?
It contains xanthophylls that add color to egg yolks and flesh making it appealing
59
What is the NAME of deadly carcinogenic mycotoxin?
Aflatoxin
60
What fungus produces a deadly, carcinogenic mycotoxin
Aspergillus Flavus
61
What ORGANISM produces the mycotoxins that especially kills horses
Fusarium Moniliforme
62
What is the NAME of a mycotoxin that kills horses, especially
Fumonisin
63
What is the NAME of a mycotoxin that has very strong feed refusal effects on pigs
Deoxynivalenol
64
What ORGANISM produces a toxin that has very strong feed refusal effects on pigs
Fusarium roseum (Gibberella zeae or GIB)
65
What is the name of the ORGANISM that produces a mycotoxin that has estrogenic activity?
Fusarium roseum (Gibberella zeae or GIB)
66
What is the NAME of a mycotoxin that thas estrogenic activity
Zearalenone
67
What does carboxypeptidase digest and where is it secreted from
Digest: protein Secreted from: pancreas
68
What does bile do and where is it secreted from
Do: Emulsify fats Secreted from: liver
69
What does chymotrypsin digest and where is it secreted?
Digest: protein Secreted from: pancreas
70
What does trypsin digest and where is it secreted?
Digest: protein Secreted from: pancreas
71
What does amylase digest and where is it secreted from?
Digest: carbohydrates Secreted: Pancreas
72
What is secreted from the esophagus
Nothing
73
What does intrinsic factor do
Helps with vitamin B12 absorption
74
What is the process called where gas is released from the rumen
Eructation
75
What factor has the most influence on the biological value of a feed
Amino Acid Pattern
76
True or False: if a protein has a high digestibility, then it will have a high biological value.
False
77
What does a Bomb Calorimeter determine
Energy Content
78
What is TDN
an index of energy on a carbohydrate basis
79
What is TDN most like?
DE
80
Is corn a protein supplement feed?
No (need meal to be a protein supplement feeds)
81
Why is fat used more efficiently that carbohydrates in summer when temperature are hot?
Heat increment of fat is lower
82
What structure in the horse allows it to utilize large amounts of forage?
Cecum
83
How could 2 feeds have the same TDN value, and even the same DE value, but still be of different use to the animal due to energy?
They have different heat increments
84
True or false: A good source of protein in swine and poultry diets is urea
False
85
True or false: Amino acid composition of the DIP is more important than the UIP protein
False
86
Intrinsic factor is needed to do what and where is secreted from
Absorb vitamin B12 Secreted from the stomach
87
A bomb calorimeter is used to which of the following
Determine Energy Content
88
TDN is most like what
DE
89
NIRS is used in animal nutrition for?
Rapidly estimating the components in the feed
90
List 6 grains
Wheat Barley Grain Sorghum Oats Corn Rice
91
What is a mycotoxin
Toxin produced by fungi
92
What fungus produces a deadly carcinogenic mycotoxin
Aspergillus flavus
93
What is the NAME of the deadly carcinogenic mycotoxin
Aflatoxin
94
What ORGANISM produces the mycotoxin that especially kills horses
Fusarium Moniliforme
95
What is the NAME of the mycotoxin that especially kills horses
Fumonison
96
What is the NAME of a mycotoxin that has a very strong feed refusal effects on pigs
Deoxynivalenol
97
What ORGANISM produces a toxin that has very strong feed refusal effects on pigs?
Fusarium Roseum (GIB)
98
What is the NAME of a mycotoxin that has estrogenic activity
Zearalenone
99
What is the name of the organism that produces a mycotoxin that has estrogenic activity
Fusarium Roseum (GIB)
100
What is the main nutritional reason for feeding corn to animals
To provide energy
101
Which best describes TDN
An index of energy on a carbohydrate basis
102
What factor has the most impact on Biological Value
Amino Acid Pattern
103
What is opaque-2-corn
Corn that has more lysine
104
Which grain has a standard weight of 32 lbs/buschels
Oats
105
Which feed needs to be toasted to destroy trypsin inhibitor
soybean
106
Which feed was likely in the diet causing problems resulting in the Salem Witch Trials in early Amerian History
Rye
107
Which grain is often contains tannin which must be processed to remove or conteracted
Grain Sorghum
108
Which feed is lower in energy, has a very loose hull and is often fed to horses and young animals to get them started on feed
Oats
109
Which grain has a standard weight of 60 lbs/bushels
Wheat
110
Which feed is most commonly used as the starting point for making beer, the byproduct of which makes good dairy cattle feed
Barley
111
Protein that enters the rumen is of two types, DIP and UIP. Which of the tow is it more important that it have a good amino acid balance?
UIP

ANSC 221 (5 decks)

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