Antepartum (Topic 4) Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
Union of the male sex cell (sperm) and the female sex cell (ovum)
A
Conception
2
Q
Reproductive cell
A
Gamete
3
Q
Formation of gametes (ova) in the female.
A
Oogenesis
4
Q
Formation of male gametes (sperm) in the testes
A
Spermatogenesis
5
Q
Reduction cell division in gametes that halves the number of chromosomes (haploid)in each cell.
A
Meiosis
6
Q
Implantation of the fertilized ovum in the uterine endometrium
A
Nidation
7
Q
A term referring to the endometrium during pregnancy.
A
Decidua
8
Q
The developing baby from conception through the first two weeks of prenatal life.
A
Zygote
9
Q
The developing baby from the beginning of the 3rd week through the 8th week after conception.
A
Embryo
10
Q
The developing baby from 9 weeks after conception until birth.
A
Fetus
11
Q
Prenatal age of the developing baby (measured in weeks) calculated from the
first day of the woman’s last menstrual period.
A
Gestational age/Age of Gestation (AOG)
12
Q
The X or Y chromosomes
A
Sex chromosomes
13
Q
What phase is after the secretory phase without coitus
A
Ischemic phase
14
Q
OVULATION OCCURS APPROXIMATELY ON THE _____
A
14TH DAY OF YOUR CYCLE (FOR REGULARS)
15
Q
AVERAGE LENGTH OF A CYCLE
A
16
Q
SHORT CYCLE
A
17
Q
LONG CYCLE
A
18
Q
FACTORS AFFECTING CONCEPTION (3)
A
- Timing
- Ovum Condition
- Sperm Capacity
19
Q
How mL of semen is ejaculated per ejaculation
A
2.5 mL
20
Q
How many spermatozoa per mL, comes out during ejaculation?
A
50-200 million spermatozoa/mL
21
Q
what is the average sperm count per ejaculation?
A
400 million sperm/ejaculation
22
Q
What helps the motility of the sperm during its entrance to the female organ?
A
Tail, Uterine contractions
23
Q
Transport time of semen from vagina to cervix and from vagina to fallopian tube
A
80 secs from vagina to cervix
5 mins from vagina to fallopian tube
24
Q
Also called as Pre- Embryonic Development
A
Zygotic Stage
25
Stage from conception/fertilization through the 1st two weeks of pregnancy.
Pre- Embryonic Development/ Zygotic Stage
26
Process where the sperm released intravaginally undergoes removal of plasma membrane, where loss
of seminal plasma lipids, CHONS
CAPACITATION
27
This happens at Days 0-2 after Coitus
Fertilization
28
This coat must be removed to enable fertilization – 7 hours
glycoCHON coat
29
Reaction where there is a release of HYALURONIDASE on the surface of the ovum, breaks down
CORONA RADIATA, clears HYALURONIC acid
ACROSOMAL REACTION
30
What is released on the surface of the ovum during acrosomal reaction
HYALURONIDASE
31
What is broken down in an acrosomal reaction by the release of hyaluronidase
CORONA RADIATA
32
ACROSOMAL REACTION – release of HYALURONIDASE on the surface of the ovum, breaks down
CORONA RADIATA, clears _______
HYALURONIC acid
33
When the Ovum reacts with sperm enzyme, it undergoes _______ and ________
BLOCK TO POLYSPERMY
CORTICAL REACTION
34
Where the zona pellucida reacts by preventing other sperm cells to enter.
BLOCK TO POLYSPERMY
35
Granules are released, water is pushed away from the egg, creates a “FERTILIZATION MEMBRANE”, takes 10 – 24 hours to complete
CORTICAL REACTION
36
What reacts by preventing other sperm cells to enter
zona pellucida
37
What membrane is created from cortical reaction
FERTILIZATION MEMBRANE
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how many hours for the cortical reaction to complete
10 – 24 hours
39
fertilized ovum
ZYGOTE
40
Fertilization takes place in the ____
Ampulla of the fallopian tube
41
In what days does the zygote assumes a mulberry appearance, called the Morula
Days 3 – 6
42
The zygote assumes a mulberry appearance, called the ________
Morula
43
What day does the morula becomes a hollow, fluid-filled Blastocyst
Day 7
44
In day 7, the morula becomes a ______, fluid-filled _______
hollow
Blastocyst
45
What burrows into the
soft uterine lining (Decidua)
blastocyst
46
Where does the blastocyst burrows into
Decidua
47
The outer layer of the blastocyst which becomes covered with finger-like tissue projections
(chorionic villi)
Trophoblast
48
Finger-like tissue projections during Trophoblast
Chorionic villi
49
During implanting blastocyst, the zygote consists of a sphere of what two cells
Trophoblast cells
Eccentric cell
49
Cluster of Trophoblast cells and eccentric cells
Inner cell mass
49
Aids in the process of implantation in the endometrium
Chorionic villi
50
It undergoes cell multiplication
cleavage formation occurs as cell divides
ZYGOTE
51
Cells creating cell mass,
held together by zona pellucida
BLASTOMERES
52
Blastomeres are held together by __________
zona pellucida
53
Blastomeres that formed into 12 – 16 cells, differentiates into 2 layers of cells
Morula
54
How many cells are formed from blastomeres in a morula
12 – 16 cells
55
single cell that can give rise to a new organism
Totipotent
56
Cells that has the capacity to self-renew
Pluripotent
57
Has the capacity to develop into more than one cell type but more limited than pluripotent cells
Multipotent
58
What two main processes occurs in the zygotic stage
FERTILIZATION
IMPLANTATION/NIDATION
59
This happens on Days 8-10 after coitus
IMPLANTATION/NIDATION
60
Migration of zygote from the fallopian tube to the body of the uterus for lasts 3-4 days
IMPLANTATION / NIDATION
61
Usually happens at the upper portion, anterior surface of the endometrium
IMPLANTATION / NIDATION
62
Where does implantation / nidation usually happen
anterior surface of the endometrium
63
Implantation undergoes series of ________________ resulting to cleavage formation
mitotic divisions
64
How many cleavage formation every 22 hours during implantation
1
65
After how many hours does cleavage division happen after fertilization
24 hours
66
once the zygote reaches the uterus during implantation , how many ball of cell is it composed of
32-50
67
What will the inner cell mass turn into
Embryo
68
What will the trophoblast turn into
placenta and membranes
69
At approx 8-10 days after fertilization, blastocyst attaches to the endometrium and sheds last residues of _______ and _______
corona radiata and zona pellucida.
70
What happens to the female during implantation stage because capillaries are ruptured by the implanting trophoblast cells
slight vaginal bleeding
71
3 PROCESSES OF IMPLANTATION
Apposition
Adhesion
Invasion
72
It is a process of implantation where the zygote stays on surface of endometrial wall
Apposition
73
It is a process of implantation where the zygote Attaches to uterine wall
Adhesion
74
It is a process of implantation where there is burrowing in towards maternal capillaries, may cause IMPLANTATION BLEEDING
Invasion
75
During the formation of the chorionic villi, what are the 2 layers formed
Syncytiotrophoblast / syncytial layer
Cytotrophoblast/ Langhan’s layer
76
It is the outer layer of the chorionic villi, formed on the 10th day, produces HCG, HPL, prog and estro
Syncytiotrophoblast / syncytial layer
77
What hormones does the Syncytiotrophoblast / syncytial layer produces
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
Human placental lactogen (HPL)
prog and estro
78
It is the middle layer of the chorionic villi formed on the 12th day, protects fetus from
spirochete infection, disappears b/n 20 – 24 weeks
Cytotrophoblast/ Langhan’s layer
79
What infection does the Cytotrophoblast/ Langhan’s layer protect the fetus from
spirochete infection
80
When does the Cytotrophoblast/ Langhan’s layer disappear
b/n 20 – 24 weeks
81
Where do organ systems develop from
Germ layers
82
How many does the germ layers complete
16 days
83
What are the 3 primary germ layers
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
84
This layer later on develops into Digestive tract lining, urinary bladder, liver, pancreatic tissue, part of vagina, epithelium of pharynx and tongue
Endoderm
85
This layer later on develops into Dermis, kidneys, ureters, spleen, connective tissues, repro organs, skeletal muscles, cardiovascular,
lymphatic tissues
Mesoderm
86
This layer later on develops into Epidermis, eye lens, ear, enamel of teeth, GLANDS – sebaceous, mammary, pituitary,sweat
Ectoderm
87
What does the endoderm layer develop into (7)
*not based on the table sa notes, dun sa may description
Digestive tract lining
urinary bladder
liver
pancreatic tissue
part of vagina
epithelium of pharynx
tongue
88
What does the Mesoderm layer develop into (9)
*not based on the table sa notes, dun sa may description
Dermis
kidneys
ureters
spleen
connective tissues
repro organs
skeletal muscles
cardiovascular
lymphatic tissues
89
What does the Ectoderm layer develop into (8)
*not based on the table sa notes, dun sa may description
Epidermis
eye lens
ear
enamel of teeth
GLANDS (sebaceous, mammary, pituitary, sweat)
90
Identify what layer did this develop from:
CNS and PNS
Ectoderm
91
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Pituitary gland
Ectoderm
92
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Sensory epithelium of the eye, ear, and nose
Ectoderm
93
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Epidermis
Ectoderm
94
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Hair and nails
Ectoderm
95
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Subcutaneous glands and mammary glands
Ectoderm
96
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Tooth enamel
Ectoderm
97
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Cartilage and bone connective tissue
Mesoderm
98
Identify what layer did this develop from:
heart, blood vessels, and blood cells
Mesoderm
99
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lymphatic system
Mesoderm
100
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Spleen
Mesoderm
101
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Kidney
Mesoderm
102
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Adrenal Cortex
Mesoderm
103
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Ovaries, testes, reproductive system
Mesoderm
104
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lining membranes (pericardial, pleural, peritoneal)
Mesoderm
105
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lining of GI and Respi tract
Endoderm
106
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Tonsils, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus
Endoderm
107
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Liver
Endoderm
108
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Pancreas
Endoderm
109
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lining of urinary bladder and urethra
Endoderm
110
Identify what layer did this develop from:
Lining of ear canal
Endoderm
111
What are the two embryonic membranes
Amnion
Chorion
112
This membrane is formed from blastocyst, from ectoderm
Amnion
113
This membrane produces amniotic fluid and covering of umbilical cord,
Amnion
114
When the amnion expands and joins the chorion, what does it form
AMNIOTIC sac
115
first and outermost membrane
Chorion
116
This membrane is formed from trophoblast , encircles amnion, embryo, yolk sac, where
fetal part of the placenta arises
Chorion
117
finger like projection on surface of chorion
CHORIONIC villi
118
When is chorionic villi formed on the chorion
at 10 – 12 days
119
How many layers does the chorionic villi have on the chorion
2 layers
120
It is a Clear, yellow fluid
AMNIOTIC FLUID
121
What is the pH of AMNIOTIC FLUID
7.2
122
How many mL does an amniotic fluid have
500 – 1000 ml
123
What is the specific gravity of amniotic fluid (urine)
1.010 – 1.025 – urine
124
It functions as a Cushion for the fetus against sudden blows or trauma
AMNIOTIC FLUID
125
What does the amniotic fluid facilitate in developing
musculo-skeletal development
126
What does the amniotic fluid maintains
temp
127
What does the amniotic fluid prevents
cord compression
128
This structure develops at site where embryo attaches to uterine wall, left side position increases blood flow
PLACENTA
129
How heavy does a placenta weigh at term
400 – 600 gms
130
How many cotyledons does the placenta consist of
15 – 20 cotyledons
131
This structure is Formed at 3rd week, functional at 4th week
PLACENTA
132
What are the two parts of a placenta
Maternal portion
Fetal portion
133
This portion of placenta consists of D. basalis and circulation
Maternal portion
134
When the maternal portion is the one showing first during the delivery of the placenta, what is it called
DUNCAN PRESENTATION
135
This portion of placenta consists of chorionic villi and circulation
Fetal portion
136
This portion of placenta is covered with amnion, shiny gray, anchoring villi forms, becomes SEPTA
Fetal portion
137
When the Fetal portion is the one showing first during the delivery of the placenta, what is it called
SCHULTZ PRESENTATION
138
What does the placenta function as for the fetus (6)
1. Respiratory System
2. GIT
3. Excretory System (Artery)
4. Circulating system
5. Endocrine System -produces hormones
6. It serves as a protective barrier
139
HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE PLACENTA (5)
1. Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
2. Progesterone
3. Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone
4. Relaxin Hormone
5. Estrogen
140
This hormone is Present 8 – 10 days after fertilization and Peaks 50 – 70 days during preg, decreases by 100 days
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
141
This hormone Encourages corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone capabilities of the trophoblast so placenta and embryo are not rejected
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
142
What does Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin increase
immunologic
143
This hormone is the basis of preg test
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
144
This hormone Encourages fallopian tube and uterus to provide nutrients, aids in ovum transport
Progesterone
145
This hormone Decreases uterine motility
Progesterone
146
This hormone is Present at 6th week
Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone
147
Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone promotes and regulates what of the mother
glucose CHON and fat levels
148
This hormone Decreases sensitivity of mother to glucose
Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone
149
This hormone encourages Lactogenic
Human placental Lactogen/somatomammotropin Hormone
150
increases milk prod and mammary gland development
Lactogenic
151
This hormone causes the Pliability of musculoskeletal
Relaxin Hormone
152
This hormone produces estriol
Estrogen
153
type secreted by placenta, causes enlargement of breasts and uterus
Estriol
154
This hormone Increases vascularity and vasodilation
Estrogen
