Anterior abdominal wall

Question 1

How many planes is the abdomen divided into?

Answer 1

9

Question 2

What are the three lines that divide the abdomin

Answer 2

Midclavicular plane (vertical)
Subcostal plane (horizontal ~L3)
Transtubercular plane (horizontal ~L5)

Question 3

What are the nine regions of the abdomen

Answer 3

Right hypochondrium
epigastic
left hypochondrium
right flank (lateral)
umbilical
left flank (lateral)
Right groin (inguinal)
Pubic
Left groin (inguinal)

Question 4

How many quadrants can the abdomin be divided into

Answer 4

4

Question 5

What are the planes that divide the abdomen into quadrants

Answer 5

Medial plane (vertical through midline)
Transumbilical plane (horizontal through umbilicus)

Question 6

What are the 4 quadrants

Answer 6

Right upper quadrant
Right lower Quadrant
Left upper quadrant
left lower Quadrant

Question 7

How many layers of major fascia are there in the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 7

Superficial layer (campers Fascia)
Deep layer (Scarpa's fascia)

Question 8

What layer of fascia of the abdominal wall is a thin fatty layer and is continuous with the peritoneum of the thigh

Answer 8

Superficial layer (Campers Fascia)

Question 9

What layer of fascia of the abdominal wall is a membranous layer firmly attached to the fascia lata of thigh and is just below the inguinal ligament

Answer 9

Deep layer (scarpa’s fascia)

Question 10

What fascia covers the anterior abdominal wall muscles on its anterior and posterior surfaces

Answer 10

Deep investing fascia

Question 11

Where is the location of the potential space in the anterior abdominal wall that can have fluid accumulating in it

Answer 11

Between scarpa’s fascia and deep fascia

Question 12

What allows for urine to accumulate in the space between scarpa’s fascia and deep fascia

Answer 12

Rupture of the spongy urethra

Question 13

Once urine gets into the space between scarpa’s fascia and deep fascia, where does it go

Answer 13

It move superiorly

It cant move inferiorly due to the firm attachment of scarpa’s fascia to the fascia lata

Question 14

What sex is extravasation of urine more common in

Answer 14

Males

Question 15

What is the most common cause of extravasation of urine

Answer 15

Trauma

Question 16

What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 16

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse obdominis
Rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis muscle

Question 17

What is the median raphae that extends from the xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

Answer 17

Linea alba

Question 18

What is the significance of the linea alba

Answer 18

All anterior abdominal muscles insert into

Question 19

What direction do the fibers of the external oblique muscle run

Answer 19

Downward and forward

Question 20

What direction do the fibers of the internal oblique muscle run

Answer 20

Downward and backward

Question 21

What direction do the fibers of the transversus abdominis muscle run

Answer 21

Horizontally across the abdomen

Question 22

What muscle is the most superficial anteriolateral abdominal muscle

Answer 22

External oblique

Question 23

What muscle is the middle layer of the anteriolateral abdominal muscles

Answer 23

Internal oblique

Question 24

What muscle is the deepest layer of the anteriolateral abdominal muscles

Answer 24

Transversus abdominis

Question 25

What abdominal muscle is small and often absent

Answer 25

Pyramidalis muscle

Question 26

What is the curved line on the lateral boarder of the rectus abdominis

Answer 26

Linea semilunaris

Question 27

What are the bundles of connective tissue that run transversely across the rectus abdominis and fuse to the rectus sheath

Answer 27

Tendinous intersections

Question 28

Weak abdominal muscles are often associated with what?

Answer 28

Low back pain

Question 29

What are abdominal wall active in?

Answer 29

``` Coughing (forced expiration) Sneezing (forced expiration) Vomiting Micturation Defecation Child birth ```

Question 30

What forms the rectus sheath

Answer 30

The aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscle

Question 31

What does the rectus sheath enclose

Answer 31

``` Rectus abdominus Pyramidalis muscle Superior epigastric artery and vein inferior epigastric artery and vein anterior primary rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves ```

Question 32

What is the crescent shaped line in the posterior layer of the rectus sheath between umbilicus and pubic crest

Answer 32

Arcuate line

Question 33

What is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line composed of

Answer 33

Aponeuroses of the external and internal oblique muscles

Question 34

What is the posterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line composed of

Answer 34

Aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles

Question 35

What does the aponeurosis of the internal oblique do above the arcuate line

Answer 35

Splits to enclose the rectus abdominis

Question 36

What is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line composed of

Answer 36

Aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle

Question 37

What is the posterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line composed of

Answer 37

Transversalis fascia

Question 38

How many folds are located on the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 38

5

Question 39

What fold extends from the apex of the bladder to the unbilicus

Answer 39

Median umbilical fold

Question 40

What does the median umbilical fold contain

Answer 40

Urachus

Question 41

What fold extends from the side of the bladder to the umbilicus

Answer 41

Medial umbilical fold

Question 42

What does the medial umbilical fold contain

Answer 42

Inferior epigastric vessels

Question 43

What is found between the median and medial umbilical folds

Answer 43

Suprevesical fossa

Question 44

What is found between the medial and umbilical folds

Answer 44

Medial inguinal fossa

Question 45

What is found lateral to the lateral umilical fold?

Answer 45

lateral inguinal fossa

Question 46

What lies above the umbilicus and contains the obliterated umbilical vein

Answer 46

Ligamentum teres

Question 47

What is the free edge of the falciform ligament that is attached to the liver

Answer 47

Ligamentum teres

Question 48

What supplies blood to the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 48

Superior epigastric artery inferior epigastric artery Lumbar arteries Deep circumflex artery

Question 49

What innervates the anterior abdomnial wall

Answer 49

Lower 6 thoracic nerves