Groin Region

Question 1

What forms the inguinal ligament

Answer 1

The lower edge of the external oblique aponeurosis

Question 2

What is the inguinal ligament attached to?

Answer 2

Anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Question 3

What is the name of the most medial fibers of the inguinal ligament called

Answer 3

Lacunar ligament

Question 4

What is the name of the lateral extension of the lacunar ligament along the pectin pubis

Answer 4

Pectineal ligament

Question 5

How long is the inguinal canal

Answer 5

3-5cm

Question 6

Where does the inguinal canal begin and end

Answer 6

Begin: Deep inguinal ring
End: superficial inguinal ring

Question 7

Why is the inguinal canal larger in males than in females

Answer 7

Because it transmits the spermatic cord

Question 8

What female structure is found in the inguninal canal

Answer 8

Round ligament of the uterus

Question 9

What structure in the inguinal ligament is found in both males and females

Answer 9

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 10

How is the cordate tendon formed

Answer 10

By the fusion of the aponeuroses of the interal and tranversus abdominis muscles as they intersect the pubic crest and pectin pubis.

Question 11

What does the cordate tendon do

Answer 11

Strengthens the posterior wall of medial half of the inguinal canal

Question 12

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 12

Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

Question 13

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 13

Conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia

Question 14

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal

Answer 14

Arching fibers of the internal oblique and transverse abdominis

Question 15

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal

Answer 15

inguinal and lacunar ligaments

Question 16

What is the triangluar opening in the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 16

Superficial inguinal ligament

Question 17

What forms the superficial inguinal ligament

Answer 17

splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis

Question 18

What are the two crura formed by the splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 18

Lateral crus

Medial crus

Question 19

Which crus inserts into the pubic tubercle

Answer 19

Lateral crus

Question 20

Which crus inserts into the pubic crest

Answer 20

Medial crus

Question 21

What is the purpose of the intercrural fibers

Answer 21

Strengthen the apex of the superficial inguinal ring

Question 22

What is the name of the opening in the transversalis fascia

Answer 22

Deep inguinal ring

Question 23

Which opening of the inguinal canal is lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 23

Deep inguinal right

Question 24

Which opening of the inguinal canal is lateral to the pubic tubercle

Answer 24

Superficial inguinal ring

Question 25

What binds the inguinal triangle medially

Answer 25

Lateral edge of the rectus abdominins

Question 26

What binds the inguinal triangle laterally

Answer 26

Inferior epigastic vessesl

Question 27

What binds the inguinal triangle inferiorly

Answer 27

Inguinal ligament

Question 28

What is the shape of the inguinal canal at birth compared to an adult inguinal canal

Answer 28

shorter | less oblique

Question 29

What anatomical adaptations function to prevent inguinal hernias

Answer 29

Oblique inguinal canal | The conjoint tendon (reinforces the posterior wall)

Question 30

How does the oblique shape of the inguinal canal prevent inguinal hernias

Answer 30

it allows for the canal to become partially compressed

Question 31

When the muscle that increase abdominal pressure (increase odds of having hernia) contract what happens to the inguinal canal

Answer 31

The canal is narrowed, further preventing a hernia

Question 32

What is an inguinal hernia

Answer 32

An abnormal protrusion of abdominal viscera through the inguinal canal

Question 33

What sex are inguinal hernias more common in

Answer 33

Males

Question 34

Why are inguinal hernias more common in males that females

Answer 34

The spermatic cord requires a larger inguinal canal, the scrotum creates a potential space for abdominal viscera

Question 35

What structure in females is homologus to the scrotum in males

Answer 35

Labia majora

Question 36

What are the two kinds of inguinal hernias

Answer 36

Indirect | Direct

Question 37

What type of hernia passes through the deep inguinal ring, through the inguinal canal and out the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 37

Indirect inguinal hernia

Question 38

What type of hernia passes lateral to the inferior epigastic vessels

Answer 38

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 39

What type of hernia account for 75% of inguinal hernias

Answer 39

Indirect inguinal hernia

Question 40

What is processus vaginalis

Answer 40

when the outpouching of the peritoneum which forms the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum is present after birth

Question 41

Why is processus vaginalis a problem

Answer 41

It leaves a passageway for the intestines to pass into the scrotum

Question 42

What type of hernia punches through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, bypassing the deep inguinal ring

Answer 42

Direct inguinal hernia

Question 43

What type of hernia passes medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 43

Direct inguinal hernia

Question 44

What does a direct inguinal hernia do to the abdominal wall

Answer 44

Causes bulging

Question 45

Is a direct inguingal hernia congenital or acquired

Answer 45

Accquired

Question 46

Direct inguinal hernias are caused by a weakening of what tendon

Answer 46

Conjoint tendon

Question 47

What percentage of inguinal hernias do Direct inguinal hernias account for

Answer 47

25%

Question 48

What age and sex are direct inguinal hernia most likely to occur

Answer 48

40 year old men

Question 49

Subluxations at what level can affect the function of anterior abdominal wall muscles

Answer 49

Lower T | Upper L

Question 50

What type of hernias pass through the femoral canal

Answer 50

Femoral hernia

Question 51

Do femoral hernias occur superior or inferior to the inguinal ligament

Answer 51

Inferior to the inguinal ligament

Question 52

What type of hernias are more common in females

Answer 52

Femoral hernias

Question 53

What type of hernia is normally caused by incomplete closure of the abdominal wall after ligation of umbilicus

Answer 53

Umbilical hernia

Question 54

Defects in the linea alba can cause what type of hernia

Answer 54

Umbilical hernia

Question 55

Where does the spermatic cord being and end at

Answer 55

Begin: Deep inguinal ring Ends: Testies

Question 56

How many layers of fascia cover the spermatic cord and what are they derived from

Answer 56

Covered: 3 concentric layers Derived: Anterior abdominal wall

Question 57

What are the three layers of fascia that cover the spermatic cord

Answer 57

External spermatic Fascia Cremasteric Fascia Internal spermatic Fascia

Question 58

What is the External spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord derived from?

Answer 58

The external oblique aponeurosis

Question 59

What is the cremasteric fascia derived from

Answer 59

The internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 60

What is a unique feature regarding the cremasteric fascia of the spermatic cord

Answer 60

I contains bundles of muscle fibers (cremaster muscle)

Question 61

What is the internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord derived from

Answer 61

The transversalis fascia

Question 62

What is the innervation of the crewmaster muscle

Answer 62

Genitofemoral nerve | L1-L2

Question 63

What is the function of the crewmaster muscle

Answer 63

Retract testies (temp regulation of sperm)

Question 64

A subluxation at which vertebral level will causes male fertility

Answer 64

L1-L2

Question 65

What structures are found in the spermatic cord

Answer 65

``` Ductis Deferens Testicular Artery Pampiniform plexus Artery to the ductus deferns Cermasteric artery Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve remnant of processus vaginalis Autonomic nerves Lymphatics ```

Question 66

What is the muscular duct that transports sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Answer 66

Ductus Deferns

Question 67

What is the network of veins that make up the bulk of the spermatic cord

Answer 67

Pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 68

What does the pampiniform plexus surround to form a heat block

Answer 68

Arteries

Question 69

What is the pampiniform plexus prone to, and can be mistaken for a tumor

Answer 69

Varicocele

Question 70

What does the left testicular vein drain into

Answer 70

left renal vein

Question 71

What does the right testicular vein drain into

Answer 71

Inferior vena cava

Question 72

The artery to the ductus deferens is a branch of what artery

Answer 72

Superior vesical artery

Question 73

The crwmasteric artery branches off of what artery

Answer 73

inferior epigastric artery

Question 74

What nerve supplies the crewmaster muscle

Answer 74

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Question 75

Where do the lymphatics of the spermatic cord drain into

Answer 75

lumbar lymph nodes

Question 76

What nerve accompanies the spermatic cord but is not a part of it

Answer 76

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 77

What are the two branches of the ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 77

Femoral branch | Anterior scrotal/labial nerve

Question 78

what nerve supplies the root of the penis and the anterior part of the scrotum

Answer 78

Anterior scrotal nerve

Question 79

What nerve supplies the mons pubis and anterior part of the labia majora

Answer 79

Anterior labial nerve

Question 80

What nerve supplies the upper medial part of the thigh

Answer 80

Femoral branch

Question 81

What does the skin of the scrotum contain little or no fat

Answer 81

to maintain temp below body temperature

Question 82

What is contained in the scrotum

Answer 82

Testies Epididumis lower spermatic cord

Question 83

What is the Dartos Muscle of the scrotum derived from

Answer 83

Subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 84

What is the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum derived from

Answer 84

Peritoneum

Question 85

What is the external spermatic fascia derived from

Answer 85

External oblique

Question 86

What is the internal spermatic fascia derived from

Answer 86

transversalis Fascia

Question 87

What does the dartos muscle do

Answer 87

Temperature regulation

Question 88

What are the two layers of the Tunica Vaginalis

Answer 88

Parietal layer | Visceral layer

Question 89

What layer of the tunica vaginalis is superficial and is internal to the internal spermatic fascia

Answer 89

Parietal Layer

Question 90

What layer of the tunica vaginalis is deep and firmly adherent to the testis and epididymis

Answer 90

Visceral layer