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Gross Anatomy Exam 3 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

How do the midclavicular planes divide the abdomen?

A

they are vertical planes, extending down from the two clavicles.

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2
Q

How does the subcostal plane divide the abdomen?

A

It is a horizontal plane from the lowest point of the costal on each side.

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3
Q

how does the transtubercular plane divide the abdomen?

A

it is a horizontal line thru the the iliac tuberacles.

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4
Q

what are the nine regions of the abdomen?

A

right hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypochondrium, right flank (lateral), umbilical, left flank (lateral), right groin (inguinal), pubic, left groin (inguinal)

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5
Q

where does the liver lie?

A

mostly in the right hypochondrium and epigastric

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6
Q

what lies in the left hypochondrium?

A

the spleen, and the fundus & body of the stomach

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7
Q

how many quadrants are in the abdomen?

A

4

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8
Q

what are the 4 quadrants in the abdomen?

A

right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower

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9
Q

what are the two layers of the fascia of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

superficial fascia and deep (investing) layer

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10
Q

what is continuous with the superficial fascia of the perineum and thigh?

A

the superficial fascia (camper’s fascia)

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11
Q

the deep layer (scarpa’s fascia) is what?

A

a membranous layer of fascia the is fastened to the fascia lata of the thigh.

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12
Q

what covers the anterior abdominal wall muscles on the the anterior and posterior surface?

A

the deep (investing) fascia

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13
Q

what is between the scarpa’s and deep fascia?

A

a potential space where fluid can accumulate

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14
Q

what causes a build of urine in the space between the scarpa’s and deep fascia?

A

the rupture of the spongy urethra

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15
Q

extravasation of urine can only go where?

A

it can only spread superior

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16
Q

extravasation of urine is almost exclusive to?

A

almost exclusive to males because the urethra is longer, more superficial, and more horizontal than in females

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17
Q

what cause extravastion of urine?

A

trauma

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18
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

linea alba, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, and then there are tendinous intersection

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19
Q

external obliques run what way?

A

downward and forward

20
Q

internal obliques run what way?

A

downward and backward

21
Q

what muscle acts as internal back-brace?

A

transversus abdominis

22
Q

what topographical feature creates the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis

A

linea semilunaris

23
Q

what creates the washboard abs look?

A

the tendinous intersections that run transversely across the rectus abdominis

24
Q

what is the small slip of muscle that lies anterior to the rectus abdominis and lies within its sheath?

A

pyramidalis muscle

25
Q

low back pain is often assocaited with what?

A

weak abdominal muscles

26
Q

anterior abdominal muscles are active when?

A

coughing, sneezing, defecation, vomiting, parturition (child birth), and micturating (urination)

27
Q

the rectus sheath is formed by?

A

the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles

28
Q

what does the rectus sheath enclose?

A

the rectus abdominis muscle, the pyramidalis muscle (when present), superior epigastric artery and vein, the inferior epigastric artery and vein, anterior primary rami of the lower 6 thoracic nerves

29
Q

what is the arcuate line?

A

a cresent shaped line in the posterior layer of the rectus sheath located between the umbilicus and pubic crest

30
Q

the anterior layer rectus sheath above the arcuate line is composed of what?

A

the external and internal obliques

31
Q

the posterior layer of rectus sheath above the arcuate line is composed of what?

A

the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscles

32
Q

the anterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line is composed of what?

A

external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdminis muscles

33
Q

the posterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line is composed by what?

A

the transversalis fascia

34
Q

what are the 5 folds of the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

median umbilical fold, medial umbilical fold, lateral umbilical fold, supravesical fold, medial inguinal fossa, lateral inguinal fossa

35
Q

the blood flow to the anterior abdominal wall is feed by?

A

1) superior epigastric artery 2) inferior epigastric artery 3) lumbar arteries 4) deep circumflex iliac artery

36
Q

where does the superior epigastric artery come from?

A

the internal thoracic artery

37
Q

the external thoracic gives rise to what artery?

A

the inferior epigastric artery, and the deep circumflex iliac artery

38
Q

the lumbar arteries come from what artery?

A

the abdominal aorta

39
Q

what was the embryonic bladder?

A

the median umbilical fold

40
Q

what was the embryonic umbilical artery?

A

the medial umbilical fold

41
Q

what fold contains the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

the lateral umbilical fold

42
Q

the medial inguinal fossa lies where?

A

in between the medial and lateral umbilical folds

43
Q

what fossa lies in between the medial and median umbilical folds?

A

the supravesical fossa

44
Q

T/F the ligamentum teres contains the obliterated umbilical vien?

A

true

45
Q

T/F the ligamentum teres does function post natal?

A

False

46
Q

the lower 6 thoracic nerves run where?

A

between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis

Gross Anatomy Exam 3 (21 decks)

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