Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

How do the midclavicular planes divide the abdomen?

Answer 1

they are vertical planes, extending down from the two clavicles.

Question 2

How does the subcostal plane divide the abdomen?

Answer 2

It is a horizontal plane from the lowest point of the costal on each side.

Question 3

how does the transtubercular plane divide the abdomen?

Answer 3

it is a horizontal line thru the the iliac tuberacles.

Question 4

what are the nine regions of the abdomen?

Answer 4

right hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypochondrium, right flank (lateral), umbilical, left flank (lateral), right groin (inguinal), pubic, left groin (inguinal)

Question 5

where does the liver lie?

Answer 5

mostly in the right hypochondrium and epigastric

Question 6

what lies in the left hypochondrium?

Answer 6

the spleen, and the fundus & body of the stomach

Question 7

how many quadrants are in the abdomen?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

what are the 4 quadrants in the abdomen?

Answer 8

right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower

Question 9

what are the two layers of the fascia of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 9

superficial fascia and deep (investing) layer

Question 10

what is continuous with the superficial fascia of the perineum and thigh?

Answer 10

the superficial fascia (camper’s fascia)

Question 11

the deep layer (scarpa’s fascia) is what?

Answer 11

a membranous layer of fascia the is fastened to the fascia lata of the thigh.

Question 12

what covers the anterior abdominal wall muscles on the the anterior and posterior surface?

Answer 12

the deep (investing) fascia

Question 13

what is between the scarpa’s and deep fascia?

Answer 13

a potential space where fluid can accumulate

Question 14

what causes a build of urine in the space between the scarpa’s and deep fascia?

Answer 14

the rupture of the spongy urethra

Question 15

extravasation of urine can only go where?

Answer 15

it can only spread superior

Question 16

extravasation of urine is almost exclusive to?

Answer 16

almost exclusive to males because the urethra is longer, more superficial, and more horizontal than in females

Question 17

what cause extravastion of urine?

Answer 17

trauma

Question 18

what are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 18

linea alba, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, and then there are tendinous intersection

Question 19

external obliques run what way?

Answer 19

downward and forward

Question 20

internal obliques run what way?

Answer 20

downward and backward

Question 21

what muscle acts as internal back-brace?

Answer 21

transversus abdominis

Question 22

what topographical feature creates the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis

Answer 22

linea semilunaris

Question 23

what creates the washboard abs look?

Answer 23

the tendinous intersections that run transversely across the rectus abdominis

Question 24

what is the small slip of muscle that lies anterior to the rectus abdominis and lies within its sheath?

Answer 24

pyramidalis muscle

Question 25

low back pain is often assocaited with what?

Answer 25

weak abdominal muscles

Question 26

anterior abdominal muscles are active when?

Answer 26

coughing, sneezing, defecation, vomiting, parturition (child birth), and micturating (urination)

Question 27

the rectus sheath is formed by?

Answer 27

the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles

Question 28

what does the rectus sheath enclose?

Answer 28

the rectus abdominis muscle, the pyramidalis muscle (when present), superior epigastric artery and vein, the inferior epigastric artery and vein, anterior primary rami of the lower 6 thoracic nerves

Question 29

what is the arcuate line?

Answer 29

a cresent shaped line in the posterior layer of the rectus sheath located between the umbilicus and pubic crest

Question 30

the anterior layer rectus sheath above the arcuate line is composed of what?

Answer 30

the external and internal obliques

Question 31

the posterior layer of rectus sheath above the arcuate line is composed of what?

Answer 31

the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscles

Question 32

the anterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line is composed of what?

Answer 32

external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdminis muscles

Question 33

the posterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line is composed by what?

Answer 33

the transversalis fascia

Question 34

what are the 5 folds of the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 34

median umbilical fold, medial umbilical fold, lateral umbilical fold, supravesical fold, medial inguinal fossa, lateral inguinal fossa

Question 35

the blood flow to the anterior abdominal wall is feed by?

Answer 35

1) superior epigastric artery 2) inferior epigastric artery 3) lumbar arteries 4) deep circumflex iliac artery

Question 36

where does the superior epigastric artery come from?

Answer 36

the internal thoracic artery

Question 37

the external thoracic gives rise to what artery?

Answer 37

the inferior epigastric artery, and the deep circumflex iliac artery

Question 38

the lumbar arteries come from what artery?

Answer 38

the abdominal aorta

Question 39

what was the embryonic bladder?

Answer 39

the median umbilical fold

Question 40

what was the embryonic umbilical artery?

Answer 40

the medial umbilical fold

Question 41

what fold contains the inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 41

the lateral umbilical fold

Question 42

the medial inguinal fossa lies where?

Answer 42

in between the medial and lateral umbilical folds

Question 43

what fossa lies in between the medial and median umbilical folds?

Answer 43

the supravesical fossa

Question 44

T/F the ligamentum teres contains the obliterated umbilical vien?

Answer 44

true

Question 45

T/F the ligamentum teres does function post natal?

Answer 45

False

Question 46

the lower 6 thoracic nerves run where?

Answer 46

between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis