Groin (Inguinal) Region

Question 1

what extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle?

Answer 1

the inguinal ligament

Question 2

what are the most medial fibers of the inguinal ligament which are inserted on the superior pubic ramus?

Answer 2

the Lacunar Ligament

Question 3

what is a lateral extension of the Lacunar Ligament along the pectineal line?

Answer 3

Pectineal Ligament

Question 4

what is a 3-5 cm canal that runs thru the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 4

the inguinal canal

Question 5

where does the inguinal canal begin?

Answer 5

the deep inguinal ring

Question 6

where doe the inguinal canal end?

Answer 6

the superficial inguinal ring

Question 7

T/F the inguinal canal is larger in females than in males?

Answer 7

False, the inguinal canal is much larger in men, transmitting the spermatic cord

Question 8

the inguinal canal transmits what in men?

Answer 8

the spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve

Question 9

the inguinal canal transmits what in women?

Answer 9

the round ligament and ilioinguinal nerve

Question 10

what strengthens the posterior wall of the medial half of the inguinal canal, help preventing inguinal hernias?

Answer 10

the Conjoint Tendon

Question 11

what forms the anterior boundary of the inguinal canal?

Answer 11

the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

Question 12

what forms the posterior boundary of the inguinal canal?

Answer 12

the conjoint tendon and the transversalis fascia

Question 13

the roof of the inguinal canal is formed by whar?

Answer 13

internal oblique and the transversus abdominis

Question 14

the floor of the inguinal canal is formed by what?

Answer 14

the inguinal and lacunar ligaments

Question 15

what lies immediately lateral to the pubic tubercle?

Answer 15

the superficial inguinal ring

Question 16

what is the triangle opening in the external oblique aponeurosis?

Answer 16

the superficial inguinal ring

Question 17

the superficial ring is formed by the splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis into what 2 crura?

Answer 17

the Lateral Crus and the Medial Crus

Question 18

the lateral crus inserts where?

Answer 18

the pubic tubercle

Question 19

the medial crus inserts where?

Answer 19

the pubic arch

Question 20

what is the job of the intercrural fibers?

Answer 20

they strengthen the apex of the superficial inguinal ring, preventing a hernia here

Question 21

what is the opening within the transversalis fascia?

Answer 21

the deep inguinal ring

Question 22

what makes up the medial boundary of the inguinal triangle?

Answer 22

the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle

Question 23

the inferior epigastric vessels form what?

Answer 23

the lateral boundary of the inguinal triangle

Question 24

what form the inferior boundary of the inguinal triangle?

Answer 24

inguinal ligament

Question 25

where do direct inguinal hernias occur?

Answer 25

they occur in the inguinal triangle

Question 26

how is the inguinal canal aligned before birth?

Answer 26

it is shorter and less oblique, pretty much straight

Question 27

is an adults inguinal canal straight A to P?

Answer 27

no, as you grow it becomes more oblique

Question 28

what are the two anatomical adaptations that strengthen the inguinal canal?

Answer 28

1) in adults it is oblique 2) conjoint tendon

Question 29

what is the half sphincter mechanism?

Answer 29

when they fix a hernia they can only sew it halfway, they can't completely close the canal

Question 30

what is a hernia

Answer 30

it is an abnormal protusion of tissue thru an opening

Question 31

what viscera is protuding thru the hole?

Answer 31

it is the abominal viscera usually the small intestine

Question 32

T/F inguinal hernias are more common in men than women?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

what is an out pouching of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 33

the scrotum

Question 34

what is homologous to the scrotum in females?

Answer 34

labia majora, but this is mostly filled with fat

Question 35

what are two kinds of inguinal hernias?

Answer 35

direct and indirect inguinal hernias

Question 36

what hernia accounts for 75% of the hernias?

Answer 36

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 37

T/F direct inguinal hernia is congenital?

Answer 37

False, indirect may be congenital. This is called Patent Processes Vaginalis.

Question 38

which hernia passes lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 38

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 39

Which hernia passes medial to the inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 39

Direct inguinal hernia

Question 40

what happens in a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 40

it punches thru the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, by passing the inguinal canal

Question 41

does a direct inguinal hernia descend into the scrotum?

Answer 41

no, it generally causes a bulging in the anterior abdominal wall

Question 42

is direct hernia acquired or congenital?

Answer 42

acquired, due to the weakness in the conjoint tendon or transversalis fascia

Question 43

T/F occurs in mostly male?

Answer 43

True

Question 44

It accounts for 50% of hernias?

Answer 44

false, 25%

Question 45

subluxation of what levels will affect the muscles of the abdominal wall?

Answer 45

lower thoracic & upper lumbar

Question 46

T/F the rectus abdominals protects the anterior wall in preventing hernias?

Answer 46

false, it lies medial to the inguinal canal

Question 47

what kind of hernias are more common in females than in males?

Answer 47

femoral hernias

Question 48

where do femoral hernias occur?

Answer 48

inferior to the inguinal canal and it passes thru the femoral canal

Question 49

what type of hernia results from incomplete closure of the anterior abdominal after the ligation of the umbilicus?

Answer 49

umbilical hernia

Question 50

what hernia is present at birth?

Answer 50

umbilical hernia

Question 51

what hernia results in the defects in the linea alba?

Answer 51

umbilical hernia

Question 52

what type of hernia can occur because of pregnancy or surgical trauma?

Answer 52

umbilical hernia