Anterior Abdominal Wall anatomy Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is the umbilical dermatome root?
T10
What is the inter tubercular plane and where is it located?
Found at L5
Line that crosses horizontally separating the umbilical quadrant from hypogastric quadrant
What is the interspinous plane?
Horizontal line between the ASIS
Found at S1
What is the Supracristal plane and what is its clinical significance?
The highest point of Iliac crest, found at L4
This is the level of Lumber punctures
At what spinal level is the transpyloric plane found?
L1
What is the name of the plane at the level of L3?
Subcostal plane
Lower border of the 12th rib separating the epigastric region from umbilical region
If entering the abdomen laterally, what structures will you encounter, from superficial to deep?
Skin - Campers fascia (superficial fatty layer) - Scarps fascia (deep fibrous layer)
- External Oblique - Internal Oblique - Transversus abdominus muscle
- Fascia transversals - Peritoneum
What is the significance of the arcuate line in relation to the posterior wall?
Above the arcuate line, the posterior wall of the rectus sheath can be found
Below the arcuate line, there is no posterior wall, only the Anterior rectus sheath
What are the origins and attachments of the external oblique and what is it innervated by?
Originates from lower 8 ribs and inserts into the Xiphoid process + Linea alba + pubic symphysis
Innervated by intercostal nerve 7-11 and subcostal nerve
In which incision must the Rectus abdominis be divided?
Kocher incision
What is the innervation of the Transversus abdominis muscle?
Intercostal nerves 7-11, Subcostal nerve and Iliohypogastric nerve
Which vessel is liable to damage at the medial extension of the Grid Iron incision?
Inferior epigastric artery within the rectus sheath
Why are haematomas of the rectus abdominis usually localised?
Due to Tendinous intersections of the sheath
The internal and external rings of the inguinal canal are opening in which structures?
Internal ring: opening in the transversals fascia (inch above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament)
External ring: opening of the external oblique aponeurosis
What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal?
Anteriorly: Ext oblique / trasnversus abdominis
Posteriorly: Fascia trasversali
Roof: Arching fibres of Int oblique / transverses abdominis
Floor: Inguinal ligament
What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament?
ASIS to Pubic tubercle
Where is the mid inguinal point?
Midway between AIS and pubic symphysis (surface anatomy of femoral artery)
Where is the mid point of the inguinal ligament?
Midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle and is the location of the deep ring
What causes a paralytic hernia?
Damage to the ilioinguinal nerve (which supplies conjoint tendon that reinforces posterior wall)
Damage can occur during open appendicectomy
Which structure prevents descent of direct hernia into scrotum?
Conjoint tendon
What are the boundaries of the Hesselbach triangle?
Medial: Rectus abdominis
Lateral: Inferior epigastric vessels
Inferior: Inguinal ligament
Which part of the inguinal canal lies in the Hesselbach’s triangle?
Superficial (external) ring of the inguinal canal
What is a direct hernia and how does it present anatomically?
Caused by a defect in the posterior wall and will protrude medially to the inferior epigastric vessels through Hesselbach’s triangle
Never descends into the scrotum
What is the origin and insertion of the lacunar ligament?
Starts at the medial end of the inguinal ligament and inserts into Pecten pubis on superior ramus of pubic bone
