Paediatric Pathophysiology Flashcards
(11 cards)
What structure supplies oxygenated blood to the fetal heart prior to parturition and what does it become in adults?
Ductus venosus
Becomes ligamentum venosum (posterior ligament of the liver)
At what level does the neonate spinal cord terminate?
L3
What is a Bochdalek hernia?
Common congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Barrel chest
- Scaphoid abdomen
- Respiratory distress
- Dx by CXR, usually herniation of bowel on the left
What structures does the ductus arteriosus connect?
Pulmonary artery AND Proximal descending aorta
How does a neuroblastoma present?
Most common extra-cranial malignancy in children (<5yrs)
Usually originates from adrenal glands and causes vague abdominal symptoms (distention, constipation, loss of appetite)
Can metastasise to bone causing LYTIC bone lesions
Rx: surgery +/- chemotherapy
Good prognosis unless advanced disease
How does small bowel atresia present?
- Bilious vomiting
- Abdo distention
- Failure to pass stool after passing meconium
AXR: distended bowel loops with fluid levels
How does a cystic hygroma present?
Soft, fluctuant, translucent mass
Benign lymphangiomas found in the neck and axilla
When should orchidopexy be considered in children?
Should be performed in 1st year of life for undescended testes
How is an incarcerated inguinal hernia in a child managed?
Attempt manual reduction under sedation/anaesthesia
Surgical fixing should be done as most re-incarcerate within 5 days
How is an undescended testes located high in the abdomen managed?
Fowler-Stephens approach
If testes in high scrotum or inguinal region, simple orchiopexy is enough
A young child presents with lymphadenopathy and swollen tonsils covered in a white coat that bleeds when peels. What is the diagnosis?
Diphtheria
