Anterior and Medial Thigh

Question 1

Iliotibial tract (IT tract/band)

Answer 1

lateral thickening of the fascia lata via the joined aponeurosis of the:

Tensor fascia lata m.

Gluteus maximus m.

Question 1

Fascia Lata

Answer 1

strong (non-yielding) fascia that forms a dense layer of connective tissue between the subcutaneous tissue and muscles, attaches to bone

Question 2

What are the two superficial veins of the lower limb?

Answer 2

-Great saphenous v.
-Small saphenous v.

Question 3

Great saphenous v.

Answer 3

-ascends anterior to medial malleolus
-posterior to medial epicondyle of femur
-Empties into femoral v. at saphenous opening in fascia late

Question 4

Small saphenous v.

Answer 4

-ascends posterior to lateral malleolus
-Empties into popliteal vein in politeal fossa

Question 5

Deep lymphatic drainage of lower limb

Answer 5

1) deep lymphatic vessels: accompany the deep veins
2) popliteal lymph nodes
3) deep inguinal lymph nodes
4) external and internal iliac lymph nodes
5) lumbar lymph nodes and lymphatic trunks

Question 6

Anterior compartment

Answer 6

-Flexors of the hip
-Extensors of the knee

Question 7

Medial compartment

Answer 7

-Adductors of the hip

Question 8

Posterior compartment

Answer 8

-Extensors of the hip
-Flexors of the knee

Question 9

Pectineus muscle

Answer 9

Inn: femoral n., some obturator n.
Action(s): flexes and adducts the thigh

Question 10

Sartorius muscle

Answer 10

O: Anterior Superior Iliac Spin (ASIS)
I: superior part of medial surface of tibia (pes anserinus)
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): flexes both the thigh & the leg

Question 11

Rectus Femoris Muscle

Answer 11

I: base of patella & to tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): flexes the thigh & extends the leg

Question 12

Vastus Lateralis muscle

Answer 12

I: base of patella & to tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): extends the leg

Question 13

Vastus Medialis Muscle

Answer 13

I: base of patella & to tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): extends the leg

Question 14

Vastus Intermedius

Answer 14

I: base of patella & to tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): extends the leg

Question 15

Osgood-Shlatter Disease

Answer 15

Inflammation in the area below the knee, where the patellar ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity
-Often occurs during growth spurts

Symptoms: pain, tenderness, and swelling over the tibial tuberosity

Treatment: rest, stretching, and over-the counter pain meds

Question 16

Boarder of femoral triangle

Answer 16

Superior: inguinal ligament

Medial: adductor longus m.

Lateral: sartorius m.

Floor:

-Iliopsoas m. (lateral)

-Pectineus m. (medial)

Roof: fascia lata

Question 17

Contents of femoral triangle

Answer 17

NAVEL

Femoral Nerve

Femoral Artery

Femoral Vein

Lymphatic vessels (EL)

Question 18

Femoral sheath

Answer 18

-Lines the vascular compartment of the retro-inguinal space

Contents: (lateral to medial)

-Femoral a.

-Femoral v.

-Lymphatic vessels and loose CT

Question 19

Femoral hernias

Answer 19

-Femoral ring is a weak area in the anterior abdominal wall
-Initially compressed within the femoral canal
-May enlarge by passing through the saphenous opening

Question 20

Femoral pulse

Answer 20

pulse of the femoral artery felt in the groin
-Place for catheter access

Question 21

ADductor longus muscle

Answer 21

Inn: obturator n.
Action(s): adducts the thigh

Question 22

ADductor brevis muscle

Answer 22

Inn: obturator n.
Action(s): adducts & flexes (assists) the thigh

Question 23

Adductor magnus muscle

Answer 23

O: Adductor part- inferior pubic ramus & ischial ramus
Hamstring part- ischial tuberosity

I: Adductor part- gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part- adductor tubercle of femur

INN: Adductor part- Obturator n. (L2-L4)
Hamstring part- Sciatic n. (tibial division; L4)

Action (s): Adducts thigh Adductor part- flexes the thigh Hamstring part- extends the thigh

Question 24

Adductor canal boarders

Answer 24

Anterior/Lateral: vastus medialis m.
Posterior: adductor longus and magnus mm.
Medial/roof: sartorius m

Question 25

Adductor canal contents

Answer 25

Femoral a.
Femoral v.
Saphenous n.

Question 26

Adductor Hiatus

Answer 26

-Opening in the adductor magnus tendon
Contents: femoral a. and femoral v.
-Once a. and v. course through hiatus, they becomes the popliteal a. and v.

Question 27

Gracilis muscle

Answer 27

I: pes anserinus
Inn: obturator n.
Action(s): adducts thigh; flexes & medially rotates the leg

Question 28

Obturator externus muscle

Answer 28

Inn: obturator n.
Action(s): laterally rotates the thigh; stabilizes hip joint

Question 29

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

Answer 29

-Weakening of the epiphyseal plate of the femur, resulting in the displacement of the femoral head (typically posteriorly)
-More common in boys (age 10-16), higher incidence in African Americans, athletes, and obese children
-Most cases are idiopathic, metabolic cause possible for younger patients
-Clinical features: history of insidious hip, thigh, or knee pain of affected limb

Question 30

Avascular necrosis

Answer 30

Definition: the death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply
Cause: broken bone or dislocated joint, long-term use of high-dose steroid medication and excessive alcohol
Complication of severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

Question 31

Femoral n.

Answer 31

L2-L4

-Anterior cutaneous branches

-Muscular branches

-Saphenous n. (terminal cutaneous branch)

Question 32

Obturator n.

Answer 32

L2-L4
-Anterior branch

-Posterior branch–> acetabular branch

-Cutaneous branch