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Anatomy Lower Limb > The Leg > Flashcards

The Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Deep fascia of lower limb

A

-Crural facia-leg
-Extensor retinacula

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2
Q

Veins of lower limb

A

1) Great saphenous v.

-Ascends anterior to medial malleolus
-Posterior to medial epicondyle of femur
-Empties into femoral v. at saphenous opening in fascia lata

2) Small saphenous v.
-Ascends posterior to lateral malleolus
-Empties into popliteal v. in popliteal fossa

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3
Q

Anterior compartment of the leg

A

-Dorsiflexion (toes up to shin)
-Deep fibular n (L4-S2
-Anterior tibial a.

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4
Q

Lateral compartment of the leg

A

-Plantarflexion (point toes out), eversion (lateral side up)
-Superficial fibular n. (L5-S2)
-Fibular artery & anterior tibial artery

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5
Q

Posterior compartment of the leg

A

-Superficial group: plantarflexion (pointing toes)
-Deep group: plantarflexion, inversion (taking sole of foot and turning it medially)
-Tibial n. (L4-S3)
-Posterior tibial a. & fibular a.

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6
Q

Superficial group of posterior compartment of the leg

A

-Gastrocnemius m.
-Soleus m.
-Plantaris m.

Collective motion= plantar flexion
Inn= tibial n (L4-S3
Blood supply= posterior tibial & fibular aa.

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7
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: Medial Head: posterior surface, superior to the medial condyle of the femur
Lateral Head: posterior surface, lateral aspect of lateral condyle of the femur

I: Attaches via calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) on posterior calcaneus

INN: Tibial n.

Action:
-Plantarflexes ankle
-Flexes knee

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8
Q

Soleus

A

O: Soleal line (posterior tibia)
I: Attaches via calcaneal tendon on posterior calcaneus
INN: Tibial n.
Action: Plantarflexes ankle

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9
Q

Plantaris

A

O: Supracondylar ridge of femur
I: Attaches via calcaneal tendon on posterior calcaneus
INN: Tibial n.
Action:
-Plantarflexes ankle
-Weakly flexes knee

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10
Q

Achilles Tendinitis

A

Definition: Inflammation and degeneration of the tendon and its attachment to calcaneus

-Overuse injury, resulting of improper stretching and training (common in runners and sudden increase in activity)

Clinical Features:
-Gradual onset of pain during or after activity
-Pain in calf, above Achilles tendon
-Tenderness over calf, pain in passive dorsiflexion and resisted plantar flexion
-ROM and strength normal

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11
Q

Deep group of posterior compartment of the leg

A

Popliteus, tibialis posterior m., flexor hallucis longus m., flexor digitorum longus m.
Collective motion= plantar flexion, inversion
Inn: tibial n. (L4-S3)
Blood Supply: posterior tibial & fibular aa.

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12
Q

Popliteus

A

O: Lateral femoral condyle
I: Posterior surface of tibia and superior to soleal line
INN: Tibial n.
Action: Medially rotates the tibia

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13
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: Postertior tibia, fibula, & interosseous membrane
I: Navicular tuberosity & medial cuneiform
INN: Tibial n.
Action
-Plantarflexes foot
-Inverts foot
-Support medial longitudinal arch

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14
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Posterior surface of tibia
I: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5 (plantar surface)
INN: Tibial n.
Action
-Flexes digit 2-5
-Assists in plantarflexion
-Supports longitudinal arches

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15
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Posterior fibula & interosseous membrane
I: Distal phalanx of hallux (digit 1)
INN: Tibial n.
Action
-Flexes hallux
-Assists in plantarflexion & inversion
-Supports medial longitudinal arch

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16
Q

Tibial n.

A

L4-S3
-Major branch of sciatic n.
-Runs centrally between deep & superficial posterior compartments
-Courses around the medial ankle to enter the foot

17
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Contents

A

“Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry”

From anterior to posterior:
T: Tibialis posterior m. tendon
D: flexor digitorum longus m. tendon
A: posterior tibial artery
N: tibial Nerve
H: flexor Hallucis longus

18
Q

Anterior compartment of the leg muscles

A

Tibialis anterior m., extensor digitorum longus m., extensor hallucis longus m., fibularis tertius m.

Inn: deep fibular n. (L4-S2)
Blood: anterior tibial a. & v.

19
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

O: Proximal, lateral tibia & interosseous membrane
I: Medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal
INN: Deep fibular n.
Action:
-Dorsiflexion of ankle
-Inverts foot
-Helps to support the medial longitudinal arch of the foot*

20
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Anterior fibula & interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux (digit 1) (dorsal surface)
INN: Deep fibular n.
Action
-Extends hallux (digit 1)
-Dorsiflexes ankle

21
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Fibula, tibia, & interosseous membrane
I: Distal & middle phalanges of digits 2-5
INN: Deep fibular n.
Action:
-Extends digits 2-5
-Dorsiflexes ankle

22
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A

**NOT ON EVERYONE
O: Distal anterior fibula & interosseus membrane
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
INN: Deep fibular n.
Action:
-Dorsiflexes ankle
-Everts foot

23
Q

Shin Splints

A

Commonly used to describe leg pain. Due to microtears in periosteum of tibia
Causes:
-Typically, an overuse injury
-Strain of tibialis anterior muscle AND/OR tibialis posterior muscle (anterior most common)
-Tears/inflammation of tibial periosteum (may lead to stress fracture if not treated properly)

24
Q

Lateral Compartment of Leg muscles

A

-Fibularis longus m., fibularis brevis m.
Inn: superficial fibular n. (L5-S2)
Blood supply: perforating branches from anterior tibial & fibular aa. (does not have its own artery)

25
Q

Fibularis longus

A

O: Proximal, lateral fibula
I: Base of 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform
INN: Superficial fibular n. (L5-S2)
Action
-Everts foot
-Weak plantarflexion of ankle
-Helps support the medial arch

26
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

O: Distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
INN: Superficial fibular n. (L5-S2)
Action
-Everts foot
-Weak plantar flexion of ankle

27
Q

Retinacula of ankle

A

1) Superior fibular retinaculum
2) inferior fibular retinaculum
3) Superior extensor retinaculum
4) Inferior extensor retinaculum

28
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

Increased pressure in the compartment- can lead to muscle & nerve damage and restrict blood flow
-Acute and chronic forms
-May see decreased sensation over the dorsal web space between the 1st and 2nd digit (flipflop region)

29
Q

Foot drop

A

Lost plantar flexion ability due to damage to the common fibular n.

30
Q

L4, L5, S1

A

L4- ankle dorsiflexion
L5- big toe extension
S1- ankle plantar flexion

Anatomy Lower Limb (4 decks)

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