Anterior and Medial Thigh

Question 1

femoral triangle

Answer 1

passage of femoral nerve, artery and vein from abdomen to thigh

Question 2

femoral artery become popliteal artery when..

Answer 2

passes thru adductor hiatus, goes behind the knee

Question 3

popliteal artery branches

Answer 3

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 4

branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Answer 4

anterior- dorsal pedal

posterior- plantar arteries

Question 5

fascia layers of lower limb

Answer 5

superficial fascia- contains nerves, supericial vessels, lymphatics

deep- very strong wapping limb like a sleeve
-thigh called fascia lata
leg called crural fascia

Question 6

iliotibial band- location, contributions, insertion

Answer 6

thick lateral portion of fascia lata, has contributions from aponeuroses of gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata

inserts into gerdys tubercle- lateral condyle of tibia

Question 7

TFL

Answer 7

Tensor Fascia Lata
abductor of hip and flexor of hip

innervated by superior gluteal nerve (L4,5 and S1)

Question 8

compartments of thigh

Answer 8

arise from 3 intermuscular septum from fascia lata

anterior- hip flexors and knee extensors
medial- hip adductors
posterior

Question 9

2 main superficial veins of lower limb

Answer 9

great saphenous- ascends up leg, enters femoral vein thru saphenous hiatus in fascia lata

small saphenous- pierces deep fascia behind knee, enters popliteal vein

Question 10

location of many deep inguinal nodes

Answer 10

beside femoral vein w/i femoral canal, just medial

Question 11

deep inguinal nodes drain into…

Answer 11

external iliac nodes

Question 12

two groups of anterior thigh muscle, innervation

Answer 12

hip flexors- pass anterior to hip joint
knee etensors- pass anterior to knee joint (quadriceps)

innervated mostly by femoral nerve (TFL by gluteal nerve)

Question 13

iliopsoas muscle

Answer 13

fusion of psoas major and ilacus

chief hip flexor, helps w/ lateral rotation

insert into lesser trochanter of femur

Question 14

leg presentation w/ hip fracture

Answer 14

femur is shortened and laterally rotated- iliopsoas is in spasm when femur is fractured superior to lesser trochanter

Question 15

etiologies of psoas abscess

Answer 15

close proxiimity to organs like appendix and colon, can spread

also rich vascular supply, can have hematogenous infection

Question 16

clin pres of psoas abscess

Answer 16

fever, low back pain, hip thigh pain

psoas sign- pain on extension of hip

present in fetal position

was more common when TB was prevalnet

Question 17

4 heads of quad

Answer 17

rectus femoris-middle superficial
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius- middle deep

Question 18

quad insertion, nerve roots, fn

Answer 18

insert into quad tendon, contains patella and continues as patallar tendon and inserts into tibial nerve

femoral nerve from L2,3,4 (kick the garbage out the door)

Question 19

quad that is most susceptible to tear

Answer 19

rectus femoris- crosses hip and knee joints

Question 20

femoral nerve roots and fn, branches

Answer 20

L2,3,4, goes beneath inguinal ligament

quad, sartorius, pectineus muscles

several anterior femoral cutaneous branches

terminates as saphenous nerve, cutenous to medial lower leg and foot

Question 21

osgood schlatter disease

Answer 21

stress from powerful quad inflames the not fully develops tibial tuberosity

self limiting b/w 1-3 yrs

Question 22

5 medial thigh muslces and fn, innervation

Answer 22

adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
gracilis
obturator externus

adduct the hip

obturator nerve for the most part

Question 23

origin and insertion of major hip adductors

Answer 23

longus, brevis, magnus from pubis to posterior femur

Question 24

adductor magnus segments, contents

Answer 24

largest, most powerful medial thigh muscle

3 parts- minmus, adductor in middle, hamstring (attaches to adductor tubercle of femur, innervated by sciatic nerve)

adductor hiatus secures and protects femoral artery and vein

Question 25

clincial importance of femoral artery thru adductor hiatus

Answer 25

common spot for atherosclerosis

Question 26

pectineus

Answer 26

flex and adduct hip- innervated by femoral and/or obturator

Question 27

gracilis

Answer 27

long thin adductor- used for muscle grafts

Question 28

sartorius

Answer 28

long thing muscle abducts, externally rotates, flexes hip

Question 29

gracilis and sartorius insertions

Answer 29

into pes anserinus on medial tibial condyle (along w/ semitendinosus)

Question 30

four major lower limb gateways

Answer 30

obturator canal under inguinal ligament greater sciatic foramen lesser sciatic foramen

Question 31

obturator canal contents

Answer 31

obturator nerve (divides into anteriro and posterior branches) and vessels supplying medial thigh compartment

Question 32

2 parts of inguinal ligament gap

Answer 32

muscular lacuna laterally vascular lacuna medially divided by iliopectineal arch

Question 33

muscular lacuna contents

Answer 33

iliopsoas lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, femoral nerve

Question 34

vascular lacuna contents

Answer 34

femoral artery and vein femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve lymphatics

Question 35

borders of femoral triangle

Answer 35

superior- inguinal ligament medial- adductor longus lateral- sartorius

Question 36

contents of femoral triangle lateral to medial

Answer 36

femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein venous near the penis femoral sheath also

Question 37

femoral sheath contents

Answer 37

funnel shaped fascial tube under inguinal ligament encloses proximal femoral vessels and femoral canal, NOT femoral nerve

Question 38

3 compartments of femoral sheath

Answer 38

lateral- femoral artery intermediate- femoral vein medial- femoral canal w/ deep lymphatic nodes

Question 39

top of femoral canal is..

Answer 39

femoral ring

Question 40

lacunar ligmanet

Answer 40

adjacent to femoral canal, under constant tension

Question 41

define femoral hernia

Answer 41

protrusion of adbodminal viscera thru femoral ring into femoral canal

Question 42

complication of femoral hernia

Answer 42

can enlarge and pass thru saphenous hiatus into subq tissues can be strangulated by lacunar ligament, causing necrosis surgical emrgency

Question 43

population more susceptible to femoral hernia

Answer 43

females

Question 44

adductor canal location and contents

Answer 44

femoral artery and vein exit femoral triangle into adducotr canal middle third of thigh under sartorius, extends from apex of triangle to adductor hiatus contains femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis

Question 45

femoral artery branches

Answer 45

deep femoral artery (profunda) thru femoral triangle circumflex supply proximal femur/head perforating branches pierce adductor magnus and supply posterior compartment superficial femoral artery continues down adductor canal popliteal artery via adductor hiatus

Question 46

cutaneous inneration of thigh- 4 nerves

Answer 46

lateral femoral cutaneous- superior lateral thigh femoral- anterior cutanous branches innervate skin of thigh saphenous- sensation along medial leg and then foot obturaror- small cutanous branch that innervates skin of medial thigh