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Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 > Anterior Cervical Triangle, Cervical Viscera, Root of Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Triangle, Cervical Viscera, Root of Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle??

A

anterior: midline of the neck
posterior: SCM
superior: inferior border of the mandible

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2
Q

What is at the apex of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

jugular notch

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3
Q

What makes up the roof of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

skin and the platysma

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4
Q

What makes up the floor of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

muscles

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5
Q

What are the muscular contents of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

suprahyoids and infrahydoids

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6
Q

We talk about muscles of the anterior cervical triangle relative to the _____

A

hyoid bone

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7
Q

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

A

doesn’t articulate with other bones of the body

moves because of muscles it’s attached to

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8
Q

Name the suprahyoids

A

Stylohyoid m
Digastric m
Mylohyoid m
Geniohyoid m

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9
Q

Name the infrahyoids

A

Omohyoids
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

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10
Q

What is the action of stylohyoid?

A

stylohyoid is a suprahyoid muscle

action: pulls hyoid bone upward in postero-superior direction

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11
Q

What is the innervation of stylohyoid?

A

stylohyoid is a suprahyoid muscle

innervated by CN 7, facial nerve

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12
Q

Why is stylohyoid innervated by CN VII?

A

because stylohyoid muscle comes from pharyngeal arch 2

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13
Q

What is the action of digastric m.?

A

digastric muscle is a suprahyoid muscle

digastric muscle does actions according to what is fixed.

If mandible is fixed –> it raises the hyoid bone (important for swallowing)

if hyoid bone is fixed –> opens mouth (by lowering/depressing mandible)

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14
Q

Wha tis the innervation of digastric m?

A

digastric m is a suprahyoid muscle

digastric muscle has two bellys: anterior and posterior

anterior belly innervated by mylohyoid branch of V3

posterior belly is innervated by CN VII

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15
Q

Why is digastric muscle innervated by 2 separated nerves?

A

think about pharyngeal arches

anterior belly comes from 1st pharyngeal arch (CN V)

posterior belly comes from 2nd pharyngeal arch (CN VII)

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16
Q

What is the action of mylohyoid muscle?

A

mylohyoid m is a suprahyoid m

supports and elevates floor of mouth
and elevates hyoid

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17
Q

What is the innervation of mylohyoid muscle?

A

mylohyoid is a suprahyoid m

mylohyoid branch of V3

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18
Q

What is the action of geniohyoid muscle?

A

geniohyoid is a suprahyoid muscle

action depends on which is fixed mandible or hyoid bone

if mandible is fixed –> it elevates and pulls hyoid forward

if hyoid is fixed –> pulls mandible of downward and inward

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19
Q

What is the innervation of geniohyoid muscle?

A

geniohyoid is a suprahyoid muscle

branch from anterior ramus of C1 carried by CN XII hypoglossal nerve

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20
Q

What is the action of omohyoid muscle?

A

omohyoid is an infrahyoid muscle

it depressed and fixes the hyoid bone

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21
Q

What is the innervation of omohyoid muscle

A

omohyoid is an infrahyoid muscle

innervated by anterior ramus of C1-C3 via ANSA CERVICALIS

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22
Q

What is the action of sternohyoid muscle?

A

sternohyoid is an infrahyoid muscle

action: depressed hyoid after swallowing

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23
Q

What is the innervation of sternohyoid muscle?

A

sternohyoid muscle is an infrahyoid muscle

innervated by anterior rami of C1-C2 via ANSA CERVICALIS

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24
Q

What is the action of thyrohyoid muscle?

A

thyrohyoid is an infrahyoid muscle

action: depressed hyoid bone
when hyoid is fixed –> relaxes the larynx

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25
What is the innervation of thyrohyoid muscle?
thyrohyoid is an infrahyoid muscle fibers from anterior ramus of C1 carried via hypoglossal nerve specifically the "NERVE TO THYROHYOID MUSCLE"
26
What is the action of the sternothyroid muscle?
sternothyroid is an infrahyoid muscle action: draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downard
27
What is the innervation of sternothyroid muscle?
anterior rami of C1-C3 via ANSA CERVICALIS
28
What does ansa cervicalis innervated?
3 infrahyoid muslces sternothyroid muscle, sternohyoid muscle, omohyoid muscle
29
What veins are found in the anterior cervical triangle?
1. facial vein 2. retromandibular vein 3. communicating branch 4. anterior jugular vein 5. internal jugular vein 6. external jugular vein
30
Where does the facial vein originate?
angle of the eye
31
Facial vein receives tributaries from _____
veins that are draining the face
32
Facial vein joins with _____ to drain into ____
facial vein joins with part of retromandibular vein to create common facial vein this drains into internal jugular vein
33
Retromandibular vein is formed from ____ and ____
superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein
34
Retromandibular vein divides into _____
2 parts: anterior division of retromandibular vein posterior division of retromandibular vein
35
Anterior retromandibular vein is joined by ____ to drain into ____
Anterior portion of retromandibular vein is joined by facial vein to create common facial vein drains into internal jugular vein
36
Posterior retromandibular vein is joined by ____ to drain into ___
Posterior retromandibular vein is joined by auricular vein drains into external jugular vein
37
Anterior jugular vein drains what?
drains anterior neck
38
Anterior jugular vein is found where?
midline of the neck
39
Anterior jugular vein drains into _____
external jugular vein
40
What do the communicating branch veins connect?
communicating branch nerves connect common facial vein and anterior jugular vein
41
Internal jugular vein drains what?
entire anterior face, brain and cervical viscera
42
External jugular vein is formed by what coming together?
posterior auricular vein, posterior branches of retromandibular vein
43
What are the arteries found in the anterior cervical triangle?
common carotid, internal carotid (branch-less in the neck), and external carotid and it's branches
44
Left/right common carotid: What comes off as a direct branch from the arch of aorta?
left common carotid
45
Left/right common carotid: What comes off of arch of aorta indirectly? How?
Right common carotid comes off of arch of aorta indirectly Brachiocephalic trunk (off of aorta) splits into right common carotid and right subclavian artery
46
Brachiocephalic trunk is a branch of _____ Brachiocephalic trunk splits into __ and ___
brachiocephalic trunk is a DIRECT branch off of arch of aorta brachiocephlic trunk divides into right common carotid artery and subclavian artery
47
The common carotids bifurcate at what vertebral level?
C3-C4
48
What are internal carotid artery branches in the neck?
Internal carotid artery only branches in the brain No branches in the neck
49
What are the external carotid artery branches in the neck?
3 anterior - superior thyroid artery - facial artery - lingual artery 3 posterior - ascending pharyngeal artery - occipital artery - posterior auricular artery
50
What is the first branch off of the external carotid artery?
superior thyroid artery
51
Superior thyroid artery arises on the ___ surface of external carotid artery near the ____
anterior surface near bifurcation
52
Superior thyroid artery gives off a branch: _____
superior laryngeal artery
53
Superior laryngeal artery is a branch of what?
superior laryngeal artery is a branch of superior thyroid artery which is the first branch off of external carotid artery
54
Superior thyroid artery supplies: _____
superior aspect of thyroid gland
55
What is the second branch off of the anterior aspect of external carotid artery?
lingual artery
56
Lingual artery arises just above ____ artery, at the level of the ______
lingual artery arises just above superior thyroid artery at the level of the greater horn of the hyoid bone
57
Lingual artery passes deeply to supply _____
muscles of the tongue
58
What is the third branch off of the anterior aspect of the external carotid artery?
facial artery
59
Facial artery arises just superior to ____ artery
lingual artery
60
Facial artery crosses ____ (structure) to supply ____
facial artery crosses inferior border of mandible to supply face
61
What is the first posterior branch of external carotid artery?
ascending pharyngeal artery
62
Ascending pharyngeal artery supplies ____
pharynx and tonsils it ASCENDS in order to reach these
63
What is the second posterior branch off of external carotid artery?
occipital artery
64
Occipital artery arises near the level of _____ artery
facial
65
Occipital artery ascends to supply ____
neck and scalp
66
Occipital artery sends of ____ branch to supply ____
muscular branches to supply SCM | hooks over CN 12 in order to do this
67
What branch of occipital artery hooks around CN 12 in order to supply SCM?
muscular branch occipital artery
68
What is the 3rd posterior branch of external carotid artery?
posterior auricular artery
69
Posterior auricular artery supplies ____
scalp posterior to the ear
70
Nerves of the anterior cervical triangle are broken up into 2 groups of nerves. What are they?
spinal nerve branches and cranial nerves
71
What are the cranial nerves found in the anterior cervical triangle? (as opposed to the spinal nerves found in the anterior cervical triangle)
``` CN 7 (facial) CN 9 (glossopharyngeal) CN 10 (vagus) CN 11 (accessory) CN 12 (hypoglossal) ```
72
What are the spinal nerves found in the anterior cervical triangle? (as opposed to the cranial nerves found in anterior cervical triangle)
transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3) ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
73
Transverse cervical nerve is at ___ vertebral levels
C2-C3
74
Ansa cervicalis is at ____ vertebral levels
C1-C3
75
Describe the general course of transverse cervical nerve
Arises at Erb's point (along with nerves from posterior cervical triangle) Runs transversely across midline of SCM
76
Transverse cervical nerve supplies ____
skin of anterior triangle and lateral neck
77
What is ansa cervicalis?
nerve loops formed from anterior rami of cervical nerves C1-C3
78
What does ansa cervicalis innervate?
all infrahyoids (except for thyrohyoid)
79
Ansa cervicalis is composed of ___ and ___
superior and inferior root
80
What is the superior root of ansa cervicalis composed of?
mainly C1 anterior rami fibers
81
What is inerior root of ansa cervicalis composed of?
mainly C2-C3 anterior rami fibers
82
What sub-triangles can be found in the anterior cervical triangle?
submental triangle submandibular triangle carotid triangle muscular triangle
83
What are the borders of the submental triangle?
inferior border: hyoid bone | lateral border: anterior belly of digastric
84
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
mylohyoid muscle submental lymph nodes small veins
85
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
superior border: inferior border of mandible anterior/inferior border: anterior belly of digastric posterior/inferior border: posterior belly of digastric muscle
86
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
``` SUBMANDIBULAR gland SUBMANDIBULAR lymph nodes Marignal MANDIBULAR branch of facial nerve (CN 7) HYPOGLOSSAL nerve (CN 12) MYLOHYOID nerve (from CNV3) FACIAL artery/vein ```
87
Submandibular triangle aka ____
digastric triangle
88
What is another name for the digastric triangle?
submandibular triangle
89
What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
superior border: hyoid bone lateral border: superior belly of omohyoid muscle and anterior border of SCM medial: midline of the neck
90
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
``` MUSCLES: omohyoid muscle (border and content) sternohyoid muscle sternothyroid muscle thyrohyoid muscle ``` ``` VISCERA: thyroid gland parathyroid gland trachae esophagus common carotid artery internal jugular vein ```
91
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
superior border: stylohypod muscle, posterior belly of digastric muscle posterior border: anterior border of SCM anteroinferior border: superior belly of omohyoid muscle
92
What nerves are found in the carotid triangle?
``` CN XI (accessory) CN X (vagus) CN XII (hypoglossal) Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3) Laryngeal nn (branch of CN X) ```
93
What arteries are found in the carotid triangle?
common carotid artery internal carotid artery external carotid artery - and all 6 branches from external carotid artery
94
What veins are found in the carotid triangle
all veins that are accompanying the arteries (common, internal, external carotid aa and external 6 branches) all veins --> drain into IJV
95
What is the carotid sheath?
Column of fascia that surrounds the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, CN X (vagus)
96
What does the carotid sheath surround?
common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, CN X (vagus)
97
Carotid sheath receives contributions from what deep cervical fascia?
investing fascia pretrachael fascia prevertebral fascia
98
What is the carotid sinus? Where is it? What does it do?
Carotid sinus is a dilation of INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY near the bifurcation of the common carotids Walls of the carotid sinus contain BARRORECEPTORS to monitor blood pressure change
99
Root of neck is the junction between ____ and ____
thorax and neck
100
Root of neck is ___ to the thoracic aperture
superior
101
What extensions of the thoracic cavity project upwards into the neck?
projection of the pleural cavity such as: - cervical part of parietal pleura - apical part of superior lobe of each lung
102
What main arteries are found in the root of the neck?
subclavian a. and it's 2 main branches: (1) vertebral artery (2) thyrocervical trunk and it's 3 branches (inferior thyroid*, trasnverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery)
103
(Root of neck) | What is the first branch off of subclavian artery?
vertebral artery
104
(Root of neck) | What is the course of vertebral artery relative to anterior scalene muscle?
vertebral artery is the first branch off of subclavian artery it courses superiorly, medial to anterior scalene muscle
105
(Root of neck) | What foramen does vertebral artery enter?
vertebral artery is the first branch off of subclavian artery Enters transverse foramen of C6 and courses upward to C1
106
(Root of neck) | Thyrocervical trunk is a branch off of _____
subclavian artery!
107
(Root of neck) | What are the branches of thyrocervical trunk?
1. inferior thyroid artery 2. transverse cervical artery 3. suprascapular artery
108
(Root of neck) | Inferior thyroid artery runs posterior to ____
carotid sheath and thyroid gland
109
(Root of neck) | Inferior thyroid artery gives off a branch _____
ascending cervical artery | ascending cervical artery can also come directly off of thyrocervical trunk
110
(Root of neck) | Describe transverse cervical artery's course relative to transverse cervical nerve
transverse cervical artery goes posteriorly while transverse cervical nerve goes anteriorly
111
(Root of neck) | Describe transverse cervical artery relative to anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve?
transverse cervical artery courses anteriorly over anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve
112
(Root of neck) | Describe suprascapular artery relative to anteiror scalene muscle and phrenic nerve?
Suprascapular artery courses anteriorly over anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve
113
What are the two main lymphatic ducts at the root of the neck?
right lymphatic duct | and thoracic duct
114
Thoracic Duct drains _____
left upper limb, head, neck, thorax, abdomen, LL
115
Thoracic duct is posterior to esophagus, between ___ and ____
azygos and thoracic aorta
116
Thoracic duct drains into _____
left venous angle
117
Right lymphatic duct drains _____
right UL, head, neck, thorax
118
Right lymphatic duct drains into ___
right venous angle
119
right/left venous angles are located between right/left ___ and right/left ___
venous angles are between internal jugular veins and subclavian veins
120
What main nerves are found in the root of the neck?
Phrenic nerve (C3-C5) Vagus nerve CN X Sympathetics
121
How does the vagus nerve CN X travel through the neck?
travels through carotid sheath
122
What is the main branch of CN X (Vagus) for the root of the neck?
recurrent laryngeal nerve (right/left)
123
What provides all of the parasympathetics for the neck?
vagus nerve
124
What provides the sympathetics for the neck?
sympathetic trunk/chain
125
How many sympathetic ganglia are found in the cervical region? Name them
3 superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganlgion
126
Where is the superior cervical ganglion located?
high in neck - near level of mastoid process in temporal bone
127
Where is the middle cervical ganglion located?
posterior to the thyroid gland
128
Inferior cervical ganglion combines with ____ to form ____
inferior cervical ganglion combines with 1st thoracic ganglion to form the CERVICOTHORACIC (STELLATE) GANGLION
129
What is the cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion?
a combination of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion
130
What cervical viscera are found in the ENDOCRINE layer?
thyroid and parathyroid gland
131
What cervical viscera are found in the RESPIRATORY layer
larynx and trachae
132
What cervical viscera are found in the ALIMENTARY layer
pharynx and esophagus
133
What 3 layers are cervical viscera found in? name them
endocrine layer - thyroid / parathyroid glands respiratory layer - larynx / trachae alimentary layer - esophagus / pharynx
134
What arteries supply the thyroid gland?
superior thyroid artery inferior thyroid artery thyroid ima artery
135
Superior thyroid artery is the first branch off of ____ It supplies ____
first branch off of external carotid artery supplies superior pole of lateral lobe of thyroid gland
136
Inferior thyroid artery is a branch off of _____ It supplies ____
branch off of thyrocervical trunk (which is a branch off of subclavian artery) supplies inferior pole of lateral lobes of thyroid gland
137
Thyroid ima artery is a small artery occasionally found as a branch off of _____ Supplies ____
off of brachiocephlic trunk or arch of aorta supplies thyroid gland (generally)
138
What veins are associated with the thyroid gland?
superior thyroid vein middle thyroid vein inferior thyroid vein
139
Which thyroid vein(s) drains the area supplied by superior thyroid artery?
superior thyroid vein
140
Which thyroid vein(s) drains all the rest of the thyroid gland not supplied by superior thyroid artery?
middle thyroid vein and inferior thyroid vein
141
Which thyroid vein(s) drain into IJV?
superior thyroid vein | middle thyroid vein
142
Which thyroid vein(s) drain into brachiocephalic vv?
inferior thyroid vein
143
Prevertebral muscles lie directly posterior to the _____ space
retropharyngeal

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 2 (14 decks)

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