Anterior & Medial Thigh

Question 1

Function of lower extremity (3)

Answer 1

1. support body weight
2. locomotion
3. maintaining equilibrium

Question 2

Lower extremity four regions and their bones

1. 3
2. 2
3. 2
4. 3

Answer 2

1. Hip/gluteal
   - hip bones
   - sacrum
   - coccyx
2. Thigh
   - femur
   - patella
3. leg
   - tibia
   - fibula
4. foot
   - tarsus
   - metatarsus
   - phalanges

Question 3

Bony pelvis function and the four bones that form it.

Answer 3

1. transfer weight from upper body to lower extremities
2. -hip bones (2)
   - sacrum
   - coccyx

Question 4

Description of femur (thigh bone)

-length

Answer 4

1. longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body

2. roughly 4X the length of femur determines the height of individual

Question 5

Tibia (shinbone)

• function
• location
• articualtions (3)

Answer 5

1. weight bearing
2. medially located
   3.
   -femur (superiorly)
   -talus (inferiorly)
   fibula (laterally)

Question 6

Fibula

-function

Answer 6

• no function in weight bearing

- serves mainly for muscle attachments and as support for tibia

Question 7

Three bones in the foot

Answer 7

1. tarsus
2. metatarsus
3. phalanges

Question 8

Hip bones (ossa coxae)
-fusion of three bones

Answer 8

forms in young adult by fusion of:

1. ilium
2. ischium
3. pubis

Question 9

Ilium

• description of parts
• location

Answer 9

• Fan-shaped
• Ala (wing)
• Body (handle) forms superior part of acetabulum
• Iliac crest is the superior margin; runs btw anterior and posterior superior iliac spines
• iliac fossa is concave internal surface

Question 10

ischium

-name five parts

Answer 10

1. Body-posterior part of acetabulum
2. Ramus-inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
3. ischial tuberosity
4. ischial spine
5. lesser sciatic notch

Question 11

Pubis

-three parts

Answer 11

1. body-lies medially and articulates with pubis of other side at pubic symphysis
2. superior ramus-anterior part of acetabulum
3. inferior ramus- inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
4. acetabulum (hip socket)
5. obturator foramen-closed in the living body by the obturator membrane

Question 12

Hip bones (ossa coxae)
-articulations

Answer 12

1. anteriorly joined at the pubic symphysis (symphysis joint)
2. posteriorly joined to sacrum at sacroiliac joint (suture joint)
3. forms pelvic girdle

Question 13

formation of sacrum and coccyx

Answer 13

Sacrum
-formed by fusion of 5 originally separate sacral vertebrae

Coccyx
-formed by fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae

Question 14

Four pelvic joints

Answer 14

1. lumbrosacral (L5 & S1)
2. sacroiliac
3. sacrococcygeal
4. pubic symphysis

Question 15

pelvic ligaments

Answer 15

1. posterior sacrococcygeal
2. posterior sacroiliac
   - interosseus
   - posterior, continuous w/ sacrotuberous
3. sacrospinous
4. iliolumbar
5. sacrotuberous
6. inguinal

Question 16

sacroiliac joint movement

Answer 16

1. small movements, limited by many sacroiliac ligaments
2. greater movement in females
3. nutation is the term for rotation in the sagittal plane
4. anterior rotation of the sacrum increases size of pelvic outlet
5. most important during childbirth

Question 17

Fracture of femur

Answer 17

• violent direct injury may fracture the femur
• fracture of neck of femur common over the age of 60
• more common in women due to postmenopausal osteoporosis (fracture of hip)

Question 18

Bones & muscles around thigh region

Answer 18

Bones

• femur
• patella

Muscles

• anterior thigh m.
• medial thigh m.
• posterior thigh m.

Question 19

Muscles of thigh (nerve, muscles, motion)

• anterior thigh m. (5)
• medial thigh m. (7)
• posterior thigh m. (6)

Answer 19

1. anterior thigh m.
   - supplied by femoral nerve
   - sartorius
   - quadriceps femoris (extensor of leg)
   - Iliopsoas (flexor of thigh)
   - pectineus (flexor & adductor of thigh)
2. medial thigh m.
   - supplied by obturator nerve
   - adductors of thigh
   - adductor longus
   - adductor brevis
   - 1/2 of adductor magnus
   - gracilis
   - obturator externus
3. posterior thigh m.
   - supplied by sciatic nerve
   - semimembranosus
   - semitendinosus
   - biceps femoris
   - 1/2 adductor magnus

Question 20

Anterior thigh muscles function and innervation

Ant thigh muscles (7)

Answer 20

• usually hip flexors and knee extensors
• usually innervated by femoral nerve

Anterior thigh muscles

• pectineus
• sartorius
• Iliopsoas
• quadriceps femoris
  
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus lateralis
  3. vastus intermedius
  4. vastus medialis

Question 21

Pectineus OINA

Answer 21

O-pectineal line of pubis (pecten pubis)
I- pectineal line of femur
N-femoral nerve
A- flexes & adducts thigh

Question 22

Sartorius OINA

Answer 22

O-Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
I-superior medial tibia
N- femoral nerve
A- flexes (hip), abducts, & laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee

Question 23

Psoas Major OINA

Answer 23

O-transverse processes, intervertebral disc, bodies of T12-L5
I- lesser trochanter of femur
N- L1-L3
A- flexes thigh and stabalizes trunk

Question 24

Iliacus OINA

Answer 24

O-superior 2/3 of iliac fossa
I-lesser trochanter
N-femoral nerve
A-flexes thigh & stabilizes trunk

Question 25

Quadriceps femoris

Answer 25

- all insert onto quadriceps femoris tendon - quadriceps femoris tendon inserts into patella - only the rectus femoris spans two joints - other three span only knee joint (extending it) - all innervated by femoral nerve (L2-L4) - quadriceps are used in climbing, running, jumping, and rising from a chair

Question 26

Rectus femoris OINA

Answer 26

O-AIIS and ilium I-base of patella N-femoral nerve A- extends knee; flexes thigh

Question 27

Vastus Lateralis OINA

Answer 27

O-intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter and lateral linea aspera I-base of patella N-femoral nerve A-extends knee

Question 28

Vastus intermedius OINA

Answer 28

O-anterior & lateral surface of shaft of femur I-base of patella N-femoral nerve A-extends knee

Question 29

Vastus Medialis OINA

Answer 29

O-intertrochanteric line & medial linea aspera I-base of patella N- femoral nerve A- extends knee

Question 30

patellar ligament | -tendons

Answer 30

1. tendons of the quadriceps form quadriceps tendons - attaches to patella 2. continues as patellar ligament (tendon) - attached to tibial tuberosity

Question 31

Patella (knee cap) - what bone - how does it form - articulate with? - parts (3)

Answer 31

1. large sesamoid bone-triangular shape 2. formed intratendinously within quadriceps tendon 3. articulates with femur but not tibia 4. - - base - medial & lateral border - apex

Question 32

What is quadriceps reflex?

Answer 32

When patellar ligament is tapped briskly, contraction of quadriceps is elicited resulting in extension of knee joint (patellar reflex, knee reflex, knee jerk). -Exaggeration, slowing, or absence of the reaction suggests that there may be damage to the central nervous system

Question 33

What is the function of patella?

Answer 33

- causes force generated by quadriceps femoris to be more parallel to the line of action on the tibia - at birth it is cartilagenous. - becomes ossified btw 3-6 yo

Question 34

Description of medial thigh muscles group - name the muscles involved - action - nerve innervation

Answer 34

``` Adductor group: -adductor longus -adductor brevis -adductor part of Adductor magnus -gracilis -obturator externus * (Pectineus) Action: -adduction of thigh Innervated by obturator nerve (L2-L4) Exception: -hamstring part of adductor magnus ---tibial nerve part of Sciatic nerve ```

Question 35

What is a pulled groin

Answer 35

strethcing, straining, and tearing away of tendinous origin of adductors

Question 36

Medial Thigh Muscle: Adductor Longus OINA

Answer 36

O-pubis, inferior to pubic crest I-middle third of linea aspera N-obturator nerve A-adducts thigh

Question 37

Medial Thigh Muscle: Adductor Longus

Answer 37

O-pubis, inferior to pubic crest I-middle third of linea aspera N-obturator nerve A-adducts thigh

Question 38

Medial Thigh Muscle: Adductor Brevis

Answer 38

O-body and inferior ramus of pubis I-pectineal line and proximal linea aspera N-obturator nerve A-adducts thigh

Question 39

Medial Thigh Muscle: Obturator externus

Answer 39

O-outer surface of obturator membrane, bony boundaries of obturator foramen I-trochanteric fossa of femur N-obturator nerve A-lateral rotation of thigh

Question 40

Medial Thigh Muscle: Adductor magnus

Answer 40

O-inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium; ischial tuberosity I- gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (adductor part); adductor tubercle (hamstring part) N-Obturator nerve (adductor part) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (hamstring part) A- adducts thigh (adductor part); extends thigh (hamstring part)

Question 41

Location of adductor hiatus | -and what it does

Answer 41

- opening at inferior insertion of adductor magnus | - forms the inferior end of adductor canal (Hunter's canal) through which passes the femoral vessels

Question 42

Gracilis OINA

Answer 42

O-body and inferior ramus of pubis I- superior part of medial surface of tibia N-obturator nerve A-adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg It is weak adductor and the only one in the to cross knee joint. Can be grafted to the arm.