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Anatomy W Lei > Anterior Neck And Visceral Organs > Flashcards

Anterior Neck And Visceral Organs Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Neck boundaries

A

Superior: inferior border of the mandible and C1
Inferior: transverse plane from manubrium to C7 spinous process, laterally to acromium
*weakest part of the body

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2
Q

Hyoid parts

A

Body, greater, and lesser horn

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3
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Shape: half ring
Landmarks:
1. Sup/inf notch
2. Oblique line
3. Sup/inf horn
4. Lamina: 90~120°
5. Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s Apple)

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4
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Shape: ring
- posterior wall is higher than the anterior wall
Landmarks:
- superior facet for the arytenoid
- inferior facet for the thyroid cartilage inferior horn

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5
Q

Arytenoid

A

Shape: pyramid
Apex and vocal process
Base articulates with superior facet on cricoid

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6
Q

Corniculate

A

Hat for arytenoid cartilage

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7
Q

Cuneiform

A

Found in the fold of epiglottis

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8
Q

Epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage “leaf-like” structure
Depression: swallowing reflex
Elevation: breathing and speaking

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9
Q

Larynx

A

Function: speaking
Assembly:
- inferior articular facets of the thyroid attach to cricoid cartilage
- arytenoid articulates with cricoid

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10
Q

Facial compartments

A

Superficial fascia: platysma
Investing fascia
Visceral fascia
Carotid sheath
Vertebral fascia

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11
Q

Facial function

A

Protects structures and contains infection
Allows free motion of the neck during swallowing and turning

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12
Q

Fascia fusion

A

Neighboring fascia merge to form ligaments

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13
Q

M

A
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14
Q

Cervical plexus

A

All ventral rami of the spinal nerves
C1 to geniohyoid and there hyoid muscles through hypoglossal nerve (cn 12)

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15
Q

Anna cervicalis

A

Motor

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16
Q

Cervical plexus: cutaneous division

A

Lesser occipital nerve(C2)
Greater auricular nerve (C2-C3)
Transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)
Supraclavicular nerve (C3 - C4)

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17
Q

Nerve point: cervical plexus

A

Exiting ~ 1/3 - 1/2

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18
Q

Subclavian artery branches

A

Thyrocervical trunk → inferior thyroid artery
Costocervical trunk → posterior intercostal arteries 1 and 2

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19
Q

External carotid artery branches: posterior

A

Ascending

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20
Q

External carotid artery branches: anterior

A

Superior

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21
Q

Terminal

A
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22
Q

Anterior neck veins

A

*Huge variations, not symmetric along the neck
1. Superficial vein → Internal jugular vein
2. External jugular vein →

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23
Q

Lymph drainage

A

25% to the r subclavian vein and Internal jugular vein “angle”
75% to the L subclavian vein and Internal jugular vein “angle”

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24
Q

Platysma muscle

A

P: inferior mandible border skin and subcutaneous tissue of the face
D: pectoralis major

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25
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
P: manubrium and proximal clavicle D: mastoid process and superior nuchal line I: CN XI B: occipital and superior thyroid arteries A: FLX (B), ipsilateral sb/ contralateral Rot., ELE Thorax and shoulder ** unilateral impairment results to torticollis: tightness of the some side or weakness of contralateral side
26
Suprahyoid muscles
Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid
27
Stylohyoid
P: styled process D: hyoid body I: CN VII B: superior thyroid artery and lingual artery A: hyoid elevation
28
Digastric
P: posterior belly- anterior belly
29
Mylohyoid muscle
P: mylohyoid line of Hu mandible D: hyoid body and median raphe
30
Geniohyoid
P: mandibular inferior mental spire D: anterior hyoid body I: C1 hiking through the CN 12
31
Infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid
32
Sternohyoid muscle
P: posterior menubrium clavicle, and sternoclavicular ligament
33
Sternothyroid muscle
34
Omohyoid
P: inferior border of the hyoid body D: suprascapular notch I: Anna cericalis B: Lingual artery
35
Thyrohyoid muscle
P: oblique line of the thyroid cartilage D:
36
Anterior scalene
* Same direction as SCM P: anterior tubers of tu transverse process of C3 - C6 D: scalene tubercle of the 1st rib
37
Middle scalene
P: Posterior tubercle of transverse process of C2-C7 D:
38
Posterior scalene
P: posterior tubercle of transverse process C5 -C7
39
Thoracic outlet syndrome
40
Vertebral fascia compartment
Longus capitis
41
Carotid sheath boundary
Base of skull to 1st rib/sternum
42
Carotid sheath contents
Different at different levels Important for
43
Carotid sheath contents
Different at different levels Important for
44
Cervical sympathetic ganglia
45
Thyroid
Left and right lobes, occasional pyramidal lobe Endocrine organ: thyroid hormone - regulating metabolism
46
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
Hyper - thin and hot Hypo - fat and cold
47
Parathyroid glands
Sup/int glands in each lobe of thyroid gland Function: regulating calcium levels in blood.
48
Thyroid/parathyroid blood support
Arteries 1. Inferior thyroid artery
49
Thyroid/parathyroid visceral innervation
Sensory: superior laryngeal nerve (CN x, myelinated) Motor: unmyelinated, postganglianic axons - sympathetic: middle - parasympathetic:
50
Larynx functions
Respiration and speech
51
Larynx muscles: extrinsic
Supra- and infra- hyoid/ thyroid muscles : C1 and ansa cervicalis branches
52
Larynx muscles: intrinsic
Muscles are covered by a mucosal surface to create the vocal folds All innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X) Open and close quickly; lengthening and changing the tension of the vocal folds Folding epiglottis to close larynx when swallowing
53
Trachea
54
Larynx and trachea neurovascular
Arteries: inf/ sup thyroid artery Vein: inf/ sup laryngeal vein Innervation:
55
Pharynx. Boundaries
Base of skull to inferior border of the cricoid, surround
56
Pharynx: extrinsic muscles
Pharyngeal raphe: merge of i
57
Pharynx: intrinsic muscles
Palatopharyngeus (cnx) Salpingopharyngeus Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)
58
Pharynx innervation
Motor: - somatic - visceral Sensory: - somatic - visceral
59
Gag reflex
Vomiting
60
Esophagus
Continuous to pharynx: infe

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