anterior neck and visceral organs powerpoint Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
superior boundary of the neck
A
inferior border of mandible and C1
2
Q
inferior boundary of the neck
A
transverse plane from manubrium to C7 spinous process
3
Q
conduit for structures passing between the head and the trunk, WEAKEST PART OF THE BODY
A
neck
4
Q
only bone that does not articulate with other bones
A
hyoid bone
5
Q
3 parts of the hyoid bone
A
body
greater horn
lesser horn
6
Q
half ring cartilage
A
thyroid cartilage
7
Q
adam’s apple
A
laryngeal prominence
8
Q
lamina degree angle range on thyroid cartilage
A
90-120 degrees
9
Q
only bone in the neck that is a part of the appendicular skeleton
A
clavicles
10
Q
bones in the neck
A
cervical vertebrae
hyoid bone
manubrium
clavicles
11
Q
vertebral level of the hyoid bone
A
C3-C4
12
Q
serves an as attachment for anterior neck muscles and a prop to keep the airway open
A
hyoid bone
13
Q
full ring cartilage, thicker and stronger, has facets to articulate with other cartilages
A
cricoid
14
Q
only complete ring of cartilage to encircle any part of the airway
A
cricoid cartilage
15
Q
type of cartilage that articulates with the superior facets of cricoid cartilage, apex and vocal process
A
arytenoid cartilage
16
Q
type of cartilage + structure that articulates with the inferior facets of cricoid cartilage
A
thyroid cartilage inferior horn
17
Q
tracheostomy entry point
A
under the laryngeal prominence, between the first and second tracheal rings
18
Q
a transverse incision through the skin of the neck and anterior wall of the trachea to establish an airway in patients with upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure
A
tracheostomy
19
Q
cartilage located in the folds of the epiglottis
A
cuneiform cartilage
20
Q
3 other types of cartilage
A
arytenoids
corniculate
cuneiform
21
Q
leaf like elastic cartilage
A
epiglottis
22
Q
main type of cartilage in the body (except epiglottis)
A
hyaline
23
Q
2 main functions of the epiglottis
A
depress and elevate
24
Q
epiglottis depression
A
swallowing reflex
25
epiglottis elevation
breath and voice
26
superior border of the anterior triangle
mandibular inferior edge
27
anterior border of the anterior triangle
midline of the neck (mandibular symphysis to jugular notch)
28
inferior border of the anterior triangle
anterior border of SCM muscle
29
4 subdivisions of the anterior triangle
submandibular triangle
submental triangle
carotid triangle
muscular triangle
30
triangle for palpation of carotid pulse
carotid triangle
31
anterior border of the posterior triangle
posterior border of SCM muscle
32
inferior border of the posterior triangle
clavicle
33
posterior border of the posterior triangle
anterior border of the upper trapezius muscle
34
superficial fascia
platysma
35
four compartments of deep fascia
investing
visceral
carotid
vertebral
36
fascia that wraps around superficial neck muscles and the whole neck
investing fascia
37
fascial that covers neck visceral organs
visceral fascia
38
fascia that covers the neuromuscular structures
carotid fascia
39
fascia that covers intrinsic neck muscles
vertebral fascia
40
functions of fascia
protects structures
prevents the spread of infection
allows free motion of the neck during swallowing and turning
41
fascia spaces lead to which area of the thoracic cavity
mediastinum
42
retropharyngeal space
danger space of fascia
43
2 divisions of cervical plexus
muscular and cutaneous
44
motor innervation of infrahyoid neck muscles
ansa cervicalis
45
superior root of ansa cervicalis
C1 through hypoglossal nerve
46
inferior root of ansa cervicalis
C2-C3
47
cervical plexus: ventral or dorsal?
all ventral rami
48
nerve in the cervical plexus that has somatic and visceral sensory components
phrenic nerve C3-C5
49
1st branch off external carotid artery
superior thyroid artery
50
1st branch off internal carotid artery
ophthalmic artery
51
dural venous system
superficial vein drains into internal jugular vein
52
vein at posterior mandibular angle, superficial to the SCM muscle, and drains into subclavian vein
external jugular vein
53
brachiocephalic veins
internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
54
veins that drain 25% of lymph from the body
right subclavian vein/internal jugular vein angle
55
veins that drain 75% of lymph from the body
left subclavian vein/internal jugular vein angle
56
superficial fascia compartment muscle
platysma
57
investing fascia compartment muscle
sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
58
unilateral impairment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), tightness of same side or weakness of contralateral side
torticolis
59
4 suprahyoid muscles of the investing fascia compartment
stylohyoid
digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
60
muscle deep to the mylohyoid
geniohyoid
61
4 infrahyoid muscles of the investing fascia compartment
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
62
function of the thoracic duct
lymphatic drainage
63
where does the thoracic duct drain its contents into the blood circulating system?
left subclavian vein
64
a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your clavicle and your first rib are compressed
thoracic outlet syndrome
65
thoracic outlet
between clavicle and 1st rib
66
boundary of carotid sheath
base of skull to 1st rib/sternum
67
cranial nerve that delivers C1 motor component
hypoglossal
68
2 muscles that receive C1 motor component from the hypoglossal nerve
geniohyoid (suprahyoid muscle) and thyrohyoid (infrahyoid muscle)
69
2 glands in the superficial layer of the visceral fascia compartment
thyroid gland and parathyroid gland
70
endocrine organ that secretes thyroid hormone, left and right lobes
thyroid gland
71
function of thyroid hormone
regulate metabolism
72
thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone, increases metabolism, thin and hot
hyperthyroidism
73
thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone, decreases metabolism, fat and cold
hypothyroidism
74
imbedded in superior and inferior poles of each lobe of the thyroid gland (4), secretes parathyroid hormone
parathyroid gland
75
function of parathyroid hormone
regulate calcium level in the blood
76
bone degradation, bone density is lower than usual for their age
osteopenia
77
bone degradation, a more severe case of bone loss that weakens the bones and makes them more likely to fracture
osteoporosis
78
function of calcium
absorption,
79
occurs when you have a buildup of excess calcium in your body
calcification
80
inferior thyroid artery is a branch from which artery?
thyrocervical trunk
81
superior thyroid artery is a branch from which artery?
external carotid artery
82
which arteries provide blood supply to the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
superior and inferior thyroid arteries `
83
artery that occasionally (10%) sends one branch to the isthmus of the thyroid gland
IMA
84
superior and middle thyroid veins drain into which vein?
internal jugular vein
85
inferior thyroid vein drains into which vein?
left brachiocephalic vein
86
visceral sensory innervation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
superior laryngeal nerve from cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
87
is the superior laryngeal nerve myelinated or unmyelinated?
myelinated
88
visceral motor innervation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
unmyelinated, postganglionic axons
89
visceral motor - sympathetic innervation for the thyroid and parathyroid glands
middle cervical ganglia
90
function of the middle cervical ganglia (hormones)
decrease thyroid hormone release
increase parathyroid hormone release
91
visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation for the thyroid and parathyroid glands
superior laryngeal nerve
92
function of the middle cervical ganglia (hormones)
increase thyroid hormone release
93
type of muscle in the larynx
skeletal
94
type of muscle in the trachea
smooth
95
innervation in the larynx
somatic motor by vagus nerve, voluntary control
96
functions of the larynx
respiration and speech
97
innervation of the trachea
visceral motor by vagus nerve, involuntary control (parasympathetic)
98
division line of somatic vs visceral
cricoid cartilage
99
muscle covering in the larynx to create the vocal folds
mucosa
100
intrinsic muscles of the larynx are all innervated by what nerve?
recurrent laryngeal nerve of CN X
101
2 arteries that supply the larynx and trachea
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
102
2 veins that drain the larynx and trachea
superior and inferior laryngeal veins
103
the superior laryngeal vein drains to which vein?
superior thyroid vein
104
the inferior laryngeal vein drains to which vein?
inferior thyroid vein
105
2 organs in the middle layer of the visceral/somatic compartment
larynx and trachea
106
region of the pharynx for respiration
nasopharynx
107
region of the pharynx for digestion, posterior 1/3 of the tongue
oropharynx
108
region of the pharynx for respiration and digestion
laryngopharynx
109
region of the pharynx below coracoid cartilage
laryngopharynx
110
2 organs in the deep layer of the visceral/somatic compartment
pharynx and esophagus
111
extrinsic muscles of the pharynx all merge together where?
posteriorly
112
functions of the extrinsic pharynx muscles
constrict/narrow wall of pharynx during swallowing
113
innervation of the extrinsic pharynx muscles
vagus nerve
114
only skeletal muscle that is innervated by the cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
stylopharyngeus (pharynx intrinsic muscle)
115
2 pharynx intrinsic muscles innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)
palatopharygeus
salpingopharyngeus
116
function of pharynx intrinsic muscles
elevate the larynx and pharynx during swallowing
117
vomiting when eating possibly dangerous food
gag reflex
118
afferent nerve of gag reflex
cranial nerve 9 (glossopharyngeal)
119
efferent nerve of gag reflex
cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
120
continuous to the pharynx, INFERIOR BORDER OF CRICOID CARTILAGE
esophagus
121
vertebral level of esophageal hiatus
T10
