Anterior Triangle of the Neck (1)

Question 1

what is the roof of the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 1

deep investing fascia around muscles

Question 2

what is the floor of the anterior triangle

Answer 2

pretracheal fascia and the carotid sheath

Question 3

what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle

Answer 3

submandibular, submental, carotid and muscular

Question 4

what is the superior border of the anterior triangle

Answer 4

inferior border of the mandible

Question 5

what is the posterior border of the anterior triangle

Answer 5

the anterior triangle of the sternocleidomastoid

Question 6

what is the anterior border of the anterior triangle

Answer 6

midline of neck

Question 7

what structures are contained in the submandibular region

Answer 7

submandibular gland, lymph nodes, parts of CN XII, mylohyoid nerve and parts of the facial artery and vein

Question 8

what structures are contained in the submental region

Answer 8

submental lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

Question 9

what structures are contained in the carotid region

Answer 9

thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, carotid sheath, branches of cervical plexus, superior root of ansa cervicalis, parts of CN XI and CN XII and deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 10

what structures are contained in the muscular region of the anterior triangle

Answer 10

sternohyoid, sternothryoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 11

name the suprahyoid muscles (4)

Answer 11

mylohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid
geniohyoid

Question 12

name the infrahyoid muscles (4)

Answer 12

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

Question 13

what is the origin and insertion of the mylohyoid

Answer 13

origin - mylohyoid line on mandible
insertion - body of hyoid bone and fibres of opposite mylohyoid

Question 14

what is the action of the mylohyoid

Answer 14

elevates the hyoid and floor of the mouth and reinforces floor of oral cavity

Question 15

what is the origin points of the digastric

Answer 15

anterior belly - digastric fossa on lower medical aspect of mandible
posterior belly - mastoid notch on medial side of mastoid process

Question 16

what is the insertion point of the digastric

Answer 16

attachment of intermediate tendon at hyoid

Question 17

what is the function of the anterior belly of digastric

Answer 17

raises hyoid bone and opens mouth by lowering the mandible

Question 18

what is the function of the posterior belly of the digastric

Answer 18

elevates and retracts the hyoid bone

Question 19

what nerve innervates the mylohyoid

Answer 19

the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (nerve to the mylohyoid)

Question 20

what is the anterior belly of digastric muscle innervated by

Answer 20

nerve to mylohyoid (V3)

Question 21

what is the posterior belly of the digastric innervated by

Answer 21

digastric branch of the facial nerve

Question 22

origin and insertion points of stylohyoid

Answer 22

O = styloid process
I - = body of hyoid

Question 23

innervation of stylohyoid

Answer 23

facial nerve

Question 24

action of the stylohyoid

Answer 24

pulls hyoid bone upwards

Question 25

origin and insertion of geniohyoid

Answer 25

O = mandible I = body of hyoid

Question 26

action of geniohyoid

Answer 26

elevates and pulls hyoid forward (fixed mandible) pulls mandible down and inward (fixed hyoid)

Question 27

innervation of geniohyoid

Answer 27

anterior ramus of C1

Question 28

what cranial nerve does the anterior ramus of C1

Answer 28

CN XII

Question 29

what is the group function of the strap muscles

Answer 29

fix hyoid bone and provide attachments for suprahyoid muscles

Question 30

origin and insertion of sternohyoid

Answer 30

O = posterior surface of sternoclavicular joint of manubrium I = body of hyoid medially

Question 31

action of sternohyoid

Answer 31

depress hyoid after elevation due to swallowing

Question 32

origin and insertion of superior belly of omohyoid

Answer 32

O = intermediate tendon I = body of hyoid laterally

Question 33

origin and insertion of inferior belly of omohyoid

Answer 33

O = superior border of scapula I = intermediate tendon

Question 34

action of omohyoid

Answer 34

depresses and fixes hyoid bone

Question 35

origin and insertion of thyrohyoid

Answer 35

O = oblique line of thyroid cartilage I = greater horn and adjacent body of hyoid

Question 36

action of thyrohyoid

Answer 36

depresses hyoid and can raise larynx when hyoid is fixed

Question 37

origin and insertion of sternothyroid

Answer 37

O = posterior surface of manubrium I = oblique line on thyroid catrilage

Question 38

action of sternothyroid

Answer 38

draws larynx downward

Question 39

what muscles do the anterior rami of C1 to C3 innervate through ansa cervicalis

Answer 39

sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid

Question 40

what is the thyrohyoid innervated by

Answer 40

anterior rami of C1 but fibres run with CN XII

Question 41

what is found in the thyroid gland between the left and right lobes

Answer 41

isthmus

Question 42

what is the pyramidal lobe and where is it

Answer 42

midline remnant of thyroglossal duct

Question 43

what arteries supply the thyroid

Answer 43

superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroid artery

Question 44

what is the venous drainage to the thyroid

Answer 44

superior thyroid vein middle thyroid vein inferior thyroid vein

Question 45

where does the superior thyroid artery arise from

Answer 45

the external carotid artery

Question 46

where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from

Answer 46

thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery

Question 47

where does the superior thyroid vein and middle thyroid vein drain into

Answer 47

inferior jugular vein

Question 48

where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into

Answer 48

brachiocephalic vein

Question 49

what is there in around 10% of the population regarding a vessel of the thyroid

Answer 49

thyroid IMA artery

Question 50

what is the thyroid IMA artery

Answer 50

small and unpaired arising from brachiocephalic

Question 51

where are the parathyroid glands usually found

Answer 51

posterior surface of the thyroid - but variable

Question 52

what is the arterial supply to parathyroid glands

Answer 52

inferior thyroid arteries - branches of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian

Question 53

what are the thyroid and parathyroid glands innervated by

Answer 53

cervical sympathetic ganglia

Question 54

what other nerves are closely associated with the thyroid gland

Answer 54

recurrent laryngeal nerves (L and R) from CN X

Question 55

what could occur as a result of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 55

hoarseness or aphonia

Question 56

what is a cricothyrotomy

Answer 56

emergency procedure - needle passed through cricothyroid ligament

Question 57

what is a tracheostomy

Answer 57

surgical airway - retraction of infrahyoid muscles and incision of thyroid at isthmus