Anthropology 130 Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
Taung
A
- First of our direct ancestors
- Found in South Africa
- 2.3 MYA
2
Q
Berekaht Ram
A
-Oldest piece of art
-Female
250,000 BP
(Round fat person/piece of art)
3
Q
Caves in France and Spain
A
- Greatest concentration of prehistoric art
- 35000-12000 Bp
- Cro-magnon
4
Q
Solutrean Blade
A
- symmetrical flintknapped blade
- Cro-magnons
5
Q
Olduvai Gorge
A
- East African site
- First tools (choppers)
6
Q
Paleoarchitecture
A
- Oldest form of architecture recognized
- Ring of stones
7
Q
Chimera First Deity
A
- Combines a range of animals together
- Often human eyes
8
Q
Atlatl
A
- Speare-thrower
- Increase power & accuracy
9
Q
Lucy’s Importance
A
-Oldest fossil of Bipedal walker
10
Q
Primate Skull Similarities
A
-Paleontologist compare animal primate skulls to ours
11
Q
South Africa/ East Africa
A
Two Hominoid rich fossil areas
12
Q
Gorrilla/ Human Spinal Column
A
Gorrilla- more angular
13
Q
Dramatic Brain Size Increases
A
3 dramatic brain size increases
14
Q
Enkapune Ya Muto
A
- (Site) First proof of trade activities
- beads found
15
Q
Human Burial/ Proof of sentiment and religion
A
-Neanderthal proof
16
Q
Neanderthal Major controversy
A
-How much neanderthal we are
17
Q
Shanidar Importance
A
Intentional burial
Points to after life(tools)
18
Q
Human skeleton/ three systems
A
Cranial
Head&arm
Pelvic/leg
19
Q
Taung Skull/ 5 aspects/ ACC. to dart
A
Size of brain Flat face Thin Skull Bone Teeth Spinal Angle
20
Q
Human Evolution/ 5 components
A
Increased Brain Size Subsistence activities (hunting, gathering) Bipedalism Carrying Weapons, Tools, Food, Babies Throwing Weapons Canines- small teeth Toolmaking
21
Q
Darwin/Osbon correct sequence
A
Come down from trees
Walk Straight
Brain Growth
Civilization
22
Q
Ethnographic Analogy
A
Using present day people to try and explain ancient people
23
Q
Ethnographic Analogy Disadvantages
A
Excites imagination, creates questions
24
Q
3 hunter and gatherer scavenger cultures
A
Bushman
Aborigone
Inuit
25
Peppercorn Hair
Bushman have curliest hair in the world
| May cool head
26
Gwashi
Bushmen musical instrument
| harplike
27
Kalahari Desert location
SW Africa
28
Harvard Marshal Project
social organization and success
29
Harvard Marshall importance to anthro.
Closest chance to study hunting and gathering ancient cultures
30
Bands
Most basic form of society
| hunt, gather, and scavage
31
99.99% of people today
Live by cultivation
32
99.99% (10,000 BP)
Live by hunting and gathering
33
Seven aspects of Kalahari environment
```
Baobab trees
Thorn forests
Sparse Rain
Deadly Snakes
Ample Waterholes
Termataries
Mongongo Trees
```
34
Seven Aspects of hunting game
```
Species of animal
Season of the year
Cuurrent weather
Distance from camp
Availability of water
Size of band
Amount of poison in quarry
```
35
Minimax theory of human behavior as rational theory
minimize risk/ maximize game
36
contingency
Being prepared for accidents
37
Irrational Motivation
irrational motivation could have wiped out ancient tribe
38
Intelligence factors
Using inductive and deductive reasoning
39
Social intelligence
Group combined intelligence
40
Inductive Kudu
Ideas from experiences or Kudus used for a new idea
41
Deductive Kudu
Applying an idea or kudu to new Kudu
42
Redundancy in communications
Send messages in many ways at will
43
Marshall experience with Bushamn Hunters
Marshall saved by Bushman
| Very grateful spent money on Harvard study
44
Bushmen on Hunting
Expert hunters
45
Bushmen on gathering
Provides 65% of nourishment
| 170 plants with use in kalahari
46
Bushmen on scaveging
Most Creative
47
Collective Integrity Imperative
Group has to maintan integration
| Cooperation is vital
48
Social indacators and bushman culture
murder, rape, incest virtually absent
49
Transparency of behavior of bushmen
Whatever you do is known by everybody
| Can potentially have an effect on everyone in the group
50
65% 35%
Women 65% nourishment
51
Value of the individual member
proven everyday
| individual roles
52
Infanticide
having to sacrifice children
53
Concept of Super hunter
Hunting band that work to gether to create super hunter
54
Do not speak of giraffe
Brings moral down talking about lost hunt
55
Synergy
Working together for a powerful effect
56
Qualiy time with children
Spending more time with their children than modern families
57
Education as Practum
Learning by doing
58
Termitary Importance
termite mound/ very tall
| used for lookout and target practice
59
Poison complex
Easier to take down animals
60
xharo
trading partners among bands that build alliances
61
Nature of poison
Means death for an animal
| Coated on arrow shaft right behind point
62
The wisdom of hidden arrows
wives hide arrow sto kepp their husbands from killing family or memebers of band
63
Hunting a giraffe
3 arduous days
Lots of tracking
using human enurance to wear down animal
64
Humans alone can...
Do activities that no other species can
(think olympics)
run, swim, climb
65
spoor: complexity of the track and trace
10 things can be read from track
66
Key to dominance in the savanna environment
ability to run with most stamina
67
Importance of the savannah environment
flat, which allows dominance
68
Butchery and distribution
everyone eats but up to hunter to be fair and distribute meat
69
reciprocity
trading food for something else xharo
70
redistribution
Hunter decides who gets what
71
Right of the first arrow
hunter who killed choses portion
72
"if anyone eats, then"
everyone eats
73
Post prandial education
after dinner learning lesson
| overlap of specialty(because information on thespecialty is shared
74
Omniscience of band member
relative to us they understand everything about their culture
75
Environment/ land exact information
60 mi^2
76
Age/ correlation with knowledge
people who live longer gather more information
77
Lesson of shanidar
burial of older man that was crippled
| knowledge was prized and allowed to live
78
General health of bushman
very healthy
79
three step death
bit by a black mamba
large aggressive snake
hevily toxined
80
Factors in the lethality of Black mamba
large and aggressive
| bite is heavily toxined
81
Ophidians of the Kalahari
snakes
| very heavily populated
82
Mambas and the popularity of Harvard students
saved the lives of several children with antivenom
83
Importance of mongongo
relatively wide spread tree with rich fruit
84
Importance of the boabab tree 3 factors
hiding spot
traps water
lookout spot
leave messeges for each other
