Anthropology Exam 2

Question 1

Haab

Answer 1

360 Days + 5 Days

18 months of 29 Days + 1 “month” of 5 Days

Question 2

Classic Maya Collapse

Answer 2

AD 760-900
. Political and religious system dramatically changed
. Resource depletion
. Warfare

Question 3

Classic Maya Social Structure

Answer 3

. Kul Ahaw (king)
. Royal Family 
. Sub Royal Elites 
. Specialists 
. Commoners (farmers)

Question 4

Shamanism

Answer 4

Traversing the universe

Question 5

Kul Ahaw

Answer 5

“King”

Question 6

Maize God

Answer 6

Hun Hunapuh resurrected from underworld tree to create 3rd humans. (Modern)

Question 7

Hero Twins

Answer 7

Hunapuh and Xbalanque

Question 8

Popul Vuh

Answer 8

“Book of council”
Written in time of conquest (1500)
Stories date thousands of years

Question 9

Themes in religion and ideology

Answer 9

Reciprocity
Sacrifice 
Blood letting 
Ancestor veneration 
Regeneration

Question 10

Wacah Chan

Answer 10

Ruler as world tree statues

Question 11

Onion Effect

Answer 11

Layers of platform due to time

Question 12

Provenience

Answer 12

3 dimensional location of an artifact, ecofact or feature within a site

Question 13

Ecofacts

Answer 13

Any flora or fauna material found at an archeological site; non-artificial evidence that has not been technologically altered but that has cultural relevance

Question 14

Artifacts

Answer 14

Portable objects created or modified by human behavior

Question 15

Terminus post quem

Answer 15

Limit after which deposited

Question 16

Law of superposition

Answer 16

The strays at the bottom of the stratigraphic profile, are older than the top

Question 17

Stratigraphy

Answer 17

Study of the deposition and relation of these strata

Question 18

Mapping techniques

Answer 18

EDM or LiDAR

Question 19

Consequences of agriculture

Answer 19

Sedentism: settling down 
Material culture 
Complex society 
Warfare
Intensification of landscape 
Property

Question 20

Horticulture

Answer 20

Growing yield on plots (still hunting, not intensive agriculture)

Question 21

Domestication

Answer 21

Genetically alter resources to become dependent on humans

Question 22

Cultivation

Answer 22

Human take care of wild resources of vegetation

Question 23

Agriculture

Answer 23

80% of diet relies on domesticated foods

Question 24

Holocene

Answer 24

End of ice age- things getting warm and wet!

Question 25

Recently evolutionary adaptation

Answer 25

Nutrition- lactase | Maltese- alcohol

Question 26

Ethnicity

Answer 26

Selected cultural and sometimes physical characteristics used to classify people into groups or categories considered to be significantly different from others.

Question 27

Race

Answer 27

Biological subspecies, or variety of a species, consisting of a more or less distinct population with anatomical traits that distinguish it clearly from other races.

Question 28

Calendar around

Answer 28

52 years | Tzokin and Haab

Question 29

Long count

Answer 29

Counting from a fixed point (8/31 3114 B.C)

Question 30

Baktun

Answer 30

20 katuns (400 years)

Question 31

Katun

Answer 31

20 tuns (20 years)

Question 32

Tun

Answer 32

18 unials (+ 1 of 5 kins) (365 days)

Question 33

Unial

Answer 33

20 kin (20 days)

Question 34

Eric Thompson

Answer 34

Famous for study of Maya Script

Question 35

Sub-Disciplines of Linguistics

Answer 35

Descriptive Historical Socio-Language

Question 36

Linguistic signs

Answer 36

Form + Meaning (signifier + signified)

Question 37

Open vs Closed communication

Answer 37

Open- Subject to change | Closed- No change

Question 38

Charles Hockett

Answer 38

Design features of a language

Question 39

Design features of human language

Answer 39

Displacement- ability to talk to things not in space or time Productivity- open to change Prevarication- To lie Metalanguage- to talk about language

Question 40

Broca’s Area

Answer 40

Production of speech

Question 41

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 41

Contemplates speech

Question 42

Grammar

Answer 42

Rules system or language

Question 43

Phonemes

Answer 43

Sounds we identify with symbols

Question 44

Morpheme

Answer 44

Endings which give words significance (-ing, -ed)

Question 45

Semantics

Answer 45

Study of words and what they mean

Question 46

Syntax

Answer 46

Word order

Question 47

Pragmatics

Answer 47

Study of language in context

Question 48

Sapir-Whorff

Answer 48

Language overrides experience Strong: linguistic determinism- language determines thought Weak: linguistic relativity- language influences but does not determine thought

Question 49

Absolute dating

Answer 49

Dates for archaeological materials based on solar years, centuries, or other measures of absolute time

Question 50

Seriation

Answer 50

seriation is a relative dating method in which assemblages or artifacts from numerous sites, in the same culture, are placed in chronological order.

Question 51

Tzolkin

Answer 51

Calendar system of 260 days

Question 52

Epigraphy

Answer 52

he study and interpretation of ancient inscriptions