anthropology unit test Flashcards
(34 cards)
what is culture?
it is the way non-material, objects, thought, action language and values come together with material objects to form new ways of life
what are the two parts of culture?
material / non-material
3 sections
symbols—nonverbal gestures/ ideas they carry meaning
values-cultural standards (right/wrong)
what are norms?
rules & expectations to guide behaviour
norm types:
folkway: rules that go without saying
mores: official rules
Taboo: crucial rules for morals
advantages and disadvantages of different research tools in cultural Anthro
finding informants
pros: have info on specific culture & will spend time with researchers. give good info
cons: react to the presence of anthropologists & may be cautious & unwilling to share info
Unstructured interviews
pros: help test out initial ideas. lead to greater understanding. minimal research bias.
cons : questions are not pre essabished and thrtr is little control over the respondents answers. can be time consuming. frustrating if there is an unspoken culture
semi- structural innterveiw
useful when time is limited. cab guve useful info on a situation
cons:may not get info that is fundemental to the subjects pov bc reasercher did no ask the right questions
structured interveiw
pros: interveiw questions are structured so anyonecan conduct the unterveiw.
cons: questions cannotbe adapted to deal with changing situations. most questions are close ended
counting people
pros: reliable objective data. can be compared to other cultures over time
cons:does not gove insight into the subjects own pov. mught interperet info wring. miscommunication happens easily
what are the different schools of thought?
cultural relativism
idea: culture are not better or worse. Anthropologists cannot assume your experience & opinion is the best one
ex: people from western society are more likely to be ethnocentric compared to people from the Middle East
bronislaw malinowski famous ethnologist
functional theory
the idea that every belief action or relationship in a culture meets the needs of the individual period this world thought causes focuses on Independence individualism and prioritizes long-term survival.
feminist anthropology
examin’s gender relations in different cultures feminine psychologists examine female identity and issues faced by women. How culture determines gender roles.Helps ensure female voices are heard and includedPeriod in the 1970s feminist and apologist re-examining anthropology
term elagritarian: idea that I’ll be blur deserving of equal rights and opportunities
cultural materialism
materials / conditions in an area influences how culture they are develops. It creates belief systems for culture. Marvin Harris is associated with the school of thought. An example can be seen with the Hindu religion they believe that cows are sacred and cannot be killed.
postmodernism
do you believe that it is impossible to have any true knowledge about the world. There is no objective truth. Sam dumb created the superstructure
What did Neanderthals eat
Play a lot of me to survive and hunted animals like dears every 2 days. They made weapons
What were the brains like for neanderthals
Niagara Falls brains for 20% bigger than ours and they’re cognitive abilities were the same as ours
How did Neanderthals speak and how did it sound
Neanderthals could speak and their voices were very high period do you have rib cage big heavy skull and nasal cavity would affect the voice.
What were living conditions like for Neanderthals
They faced a crisis of survival due to the weather. Forest and climate change destroying them. Modern humans made more effective weapons
When Neanderthals agile
They’re inner ears were very based in agility Neanderzaro’s were less agile
How did the age of Neanderthals and
The population began to decrease until they were extinct. competition and changes to their habitat due to climate change were two of the main factors
What are the differences between Humanities social science and natural science
The humanities typically are considered more critical and analytical, dealing with the philosophical question of what makes us human. The social sciences, on the other hand, use a more scientific approach, essentially applying similar methodology as the natural sciences to the study of humans in society.
Difference between cultural anthropology and physical anthropology
Cultural anthropologists look at a culture’s behavioral patterns, religious practices, social structures, traditions, and more. On the other hand, physical anthropologists study humans through an evolutionary and biological perspective.
Subfields of cultural anthropology
Archeology, economic anthropology, medical anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeological anthropology, social anthropology, biological anthropology, environment Anthropology, cognitive anthropology
What was discovered in the Great Rift Valley in Africa?
A hominem child from 3.3 million years ago called Salem.
What species did Salem belong to and what other famous fossils findings belong to this group
Small chip-like creatures walked on two legs same as Lucy.
Describe Lucy
Lucy was like us from the waist down. It took
how long did it take zerensay to release the skull from sand
Zenday 8 years to release the skull of Salem from the surrounding Sandstone
Describe the environment for Salem and Lucy
They could walk on two legs and where they were living Africa it was very dry and the rainforest had shrunk. Salem and Lucy are closer to us than they are to the chimps
How did they determine Sahelanthropus walked upright
His eyes faced correctly went upright
How long did it take a chims brain to mature and how is this different from our human brains
It took 3 years for the Chimps brain to mature and it takes 25 years for our brain temperature
What’s the difference between homo habulous and other earlier apes?
Meet was not part of their diet period they had better tools and the creatures were much smaller. The critical difference was brain size as our forehead was two times brain volume
Explain crossbones girl
She was in her twenties and was 4’7. She was 19 to 20 years old and they found her with scars all over her body indicating that she had syphilis. It was a long-term sexually transmitted disease. She would have been in pain and she was very disfigured and scary dieting deficiency. Bow legs which for week and very poor. Her body was discovered in London
What can anthropologist learn from ancient bones
Lucy is a part of austicus a member of the human family that walked the Earth. A researcher associated with this was Donald Johnson
