anti aging

Question 1

spanning the forehead

Answer 1

worry line

Question 2

• around eyes and mouth

Answer 2

Laugh Line

Question 3

• outside corners of the eyes.

Answer 3

Crow’s Feet

Question 4

dilated blood vessel under the skin

Answer 4

Telangiectasia

Question 5

aging caused by the sun

Answer 5

Photoaging

Question 6

Causes Premature aging

great contributor of facial wrinkling
than sun exposure.

Answer 6

Smoking

Question 7

Gene mutation, Cellular Metabolism, and Hormonal factor

Answer 7

Endogenous factors

Question 8

U.V, Pollutants, Chemical, and Toxins

Answer 8

Exogenous Factors

Question 9

Slow, continuous, and irreversible
tissue degradation.
Natural result of Aging

Answer 9

Intrinsic Skin Aging

Question 10

• UV that has little impact in the
  skin.
• blocked by the ozone
  layer.

Answer 10

UVC

Question 11

UV that penetrates in Epidermis
Redness, Sunburn, DNA
damage,

• Hyperpigmentation, and
  Cancer

Answer 11

UVB

Question 12

UV that requires higher dose to
cause sunburn.

It penetrates deeper in the
skin. It is responsible for most
chronic skin damage.

Answer 12

UVA

Question 13

NOTE: Photoprotection should
cover both UVA and UVB
radiation.

Question 14

accumulation of abnormal elastin.

Answer 14

Elastosis

Question 15

According to the FDA, “whether a wrinkle remover product should be regulated as a drug or a cosmetic
depends on the claims the manufacturer makes for the
product.”

Question 16

main ingredients are often called

Answer 16

“Bioactive” ingredients (Functional ingredients)

Question 17

“Bioactive” ingredients (Functional groups)

Answer 17

Peptides
Polysaccharides
Phytochemicals
Vitamins
Antioxidants
Essential oils, etc.

Question 18

Type of Technologies used in Treating/Preventing Skin Aging

Answer 18

Non Invasive
Invasive

Question 19

Do not involve tools that break the skin or physically enter the body.

eg: Healthy lifestyle,
Refraining from smoking

Answer 19

Non-Invasive

Question 20

Do not involve tools that break the skin or physically enter the body.

eg: Healthy lifestyle,
Refraining from smoking

Answer 20

Non-Invasive

Question 20

Offers the ability to penetrate an outer wall without allowing the
contents to escape.

eg: Dermal fillers, Topical
injections of chemicals

Answer 20

Invasive

Question 21

Typical Ingredients used in Topical Anti-Aging Products

Answer 21

Botanical Extracts
Antioxidant
Peptides and Proteins
Retinoids/Retinoic Acid
HAs (Hydroxy Acid)

Question 22

Antioxidants (Botanical Extract)

Answer 22

Coffee, Pomegranate

Question 23

Photoprotection

Answer 23

Black tea, Olive

Question 24

Skin Lightening

Answer 24

Blueberry, Ginseng

Question 25

Skin Tightening

Answer 25

Peppermint, Witch Hazel

Question 26

Emolliating

Answer 26

Jojoba , Coconut Extracts

Question 27

Protect the cell from damage by neutralizing free radicals.

Answer 27

Antioxidant

Question 28

Frequently used as bioactive ingredients in anti aging products.

Answer 28

Botanical Extract

Question 29

Antioxidants

Answer 29

Vitamin C Vitamin B3 Vitamin E Resveratrol Lipoic Acid Ferulic Acid, & Co-enzyme Q10

Question 30

Penetrate the skin to moisturize it and help smoothen fine lines and wrinkles.

Answer 30

Peptides and Proteins

Question 31

Natural Ingredients

Answer 31

Collagen Elastin Hydrolyzed Wheat Soy protein

Question 32

Synthetic Ingredients

Answer 32

Matrikines Neuropeptides Botulinum Toxin Proteolytic Enzyme

Question 33

Used to improve the surface roughness of skin, Age spots, and, Reduction of fine lines

Answer 33

Retinoids/Retinoic Acid

Question 34

Retinoids/Retinoic Acid

Answer 34

Retinol & Retinaldehyde

Question 35

Acts as exfoliant, Moisturization, Anti-inflammatory properties, and Antioxidant effects.

Answer 35

HAs (Hydroxy Acid)

Question 36

HAs

Answer 36

AHA BHA BA AMA

Question 37

AHAs

Answer 37

Alpha Hydroxy Acid (Lactic Acid, Glycolic Acid, Malic Acid, Tartaric Acid)

Question 38

BHA

Answer 38

Beta Hydroxy Acid (Gluconolactone)

Question 39

BA

Answer 39

Bionic Acid

Question 40

AMA

Answer 40

Salicylic Acid

Question 41

Skin cleansers remove dirt and soil, moisturizers hydrate the SC and smoothens it via supplying the SC with lipids, while makeup products enhance the appearance, even out skin tone, and cover skin problem

Question 42

Most anti-aging formulations, on the other hand are examples for formulations that are necessary to penetrate the skin (deeper layers of epidermis and dermis) for optimal effects

Answer 42

For Penetration, the actives need to be in a dissolved state in order to be absorbed and penetrate the skin.

Question 43

The two most important considerations are the:

Answer 43

molecular size and solubility

Question 44

As for solubility, hydrophobic (i.e., lipophilic) components have a better chance of penetrating the lipids in the SC than water-soluble components.

Question 45

The majority of anti-aging formulations are emulsions (both lotions and creams)

Answer 45

The main advantage of these systems is that they can increase the stability of the sensitive, unstable ingredients, reduce the irritating potential of irritating ingredients, and also increase the aesthetics (i.e., skin feel) of formulations.

Question 47

These are microscopic spherical vesicles that have a lipid bilayer structure resembling the natural structure of the biomembranes. They may look similar to micelles.

Answer 47

Liposomes

Question 48

These are monolayered structures, and they are surfactant aggregates.

Answer 48

Micelles

Question 49

These are also spherical vesicles similar to liposomes.

Answer 49

Niosomes

Question 50

These are monolayered structures, and they are surfactant aggregates.

Answer 50

Micelles

Question 51

They have a structure consisting of hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and lipophilic moieties together, and therefore, they can accommodate active ingredients with a wide range of solubility.

Answer 51

Niosomes

Question 53

When working with retinoids, safety, efficacy, and tolerability of the formulations should be taken into account at the same time.

Answer 53

Although certain retinoids are proven to be more efficacious than other, their tolerability is worse, which leads to discontinuation of the therapy early on.

Question 54

Retinoids are unstable, especially in the presence of oxygen and light.

Answer 54

To increase their stability, special delivery systems can be employed, as well as both formulation and packaging should be done in an environment with minimal exposure to oxygen and light.

Question 55

AHAs have a low pH. It has been shown that the lower the pH, the greater the efficacy is and, unfortunately, also the irritation.

Answer 55

As for the formulation, this low pH may be challenging from a thickening perspective since some common thickeners, such as carbomers, are not effective at such low pH.

Question 57

Potential cause of MAD COW DISEASE medically termed BSE or Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

Answer 57

Peptides and Proteins

Question 58

pregnant women are generally advised to cease this during pregnancy due to its teratogenic effects

Answer 58

Retinoids

Question 59

Accordingly AHA’s must be contained not higher than __ only of the ingredients and pH should be or above __.

Answer 59

10% 3.5