Anti-Diabetic Drugs

Question 1

Non pharmacological treatment of diabetes

Answer 1

Diet control
Weight reduction
Stop smoking
Avoid stress or drugs that increase blood glucose
Regular check for any complications of diabetes

Question 2

Pharmacological treatments of type 1

Answer 2

Insulin
Insulin sensitizers
Amylin analogue

Question 3

Pharmacological treatments of type 2

Answer 3

Secretagogues
Insulin sensitizers
Others
Insulin

Question 4

Insulin types

Answer 4

Rapid acting
Short acting
Intermediate
Long acting

Question 5

Types of rapid acting insulin

Answer 5

Insulin lispro
Insulin aspart
Insulin glulisine

Question 6

Types of long acting insulin

Answer 6

Insulin glargine
Insulin detemir
Insulin degludec

Question 7

Which insulin precipitate due to pH change ?

Answer 7

Insulin glargine

Question 8

Which insulin has a fatty acid ?

Answer 8

Insulin detemir

Question 9

NPH insulin is precipitated with ……..

Answer 9

Protamine and/or zinc

Question 10

Regimens for insulin in common use

Answer 10

Basal-bolus regime

Twice daily injections

Question 11

Which insulin is used in diabetic emergencies

Answer 11

Regular

Question 12

Insulin interactions

Answer 12

Alcohol and beta-blockers \/

Glucocorticoids, diuretics, diazoxide, oral contraceptives /\

Question 13

Adverse effects of insulin

Answer 13

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Local effects ( Hypertrophy or Loss )
Hypersensitivity 
Immune insulin resistance

Question 14

Example of Secretagogues

Answer 14

Sulphonylureas
GPL-1 analogues
DPP-4 inhibitors

Question 15

Examples of Sulphonylureas

Answer 15

Gliclazide (Diamicron)

Glimepiride (Amaryl)

Question 16

Adverse effects of Sulphonylureas

Answer 16

Hypoglycemia

Weight gain

Question 17

Mechanism of action of Sulphonylureas

Answer 17

Bind to beta cells > Blocking of Katp changes > Insulin secretion

Question 18

Sulphonylureas require at least …………. of functioning beta cells

Answer 18

30%

Question 19

Examples of Meglitinide analogues

Answer 19

RepaGlinide

NateGlinide

Question 20

Mechanism of action of Meglitinide analogues

Answer 20

Similar to Sulphonylureas but different site

Question 21

Advantage of Meglitinide analogues

Answer 21

Rapidly acting

Question 22

Examples of incretins (GPL-1 analogues)

Answer 22

Exenatide

Question 23

Advantage of GPL-1 analogues (Exenatide)

Answer 23

It resist DPP-4 degeneration

Question 24

Adverse effects of GPL-1 analogues (Exenatide)

Answer 24

Nausea (50%)

Weight reduction

Question 25

Examples of DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer 25

Sitagliptin

Question 26

Examples of insulin sensitizers

Answer 26

Biguanides | Glitazones (TZDs)

Question 27

Examples of biguanides

Answer 27

Metformin

Question 28

Mechanism of action of metformin

Answer 28

Reduce gluconeogenesis from liver Increase glucose uptake and oxidation by skeletal muscles Reduce insulin resistance

Question 29

Adverse effects of metformin

Answer 29

GIT upsets Lactic acidosis Should be withdrawn before contrast X-ray

Question 30

Examples of Glitazones (TZDs)

Answer 30

PioGlitazone | RosiGlitazone

Question 31

Adverse effects of Glitazones (TZDs)

Answer 31

Weight gain Fluid retention Decrease bone density

Question 32

Contraindications of Glitazones (TZDs)

Answer 32

Heart failure Acute coronary syndrome Hepatic impairments