Anti Dyslipidemic Drugs Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of statins?
Inhibit HMG-COA Reductase, Compensatory T of LDL - R, Cholesterol is taken from blood, & Serum cholesterol
HMG-COA is a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.
Name a key enzyme that statins inhibit.
HMG-COA Reductase
This enzyme is crucial in the cholesterol synthesis pathway.
List three examples of statins.
- Atorvastatin
- Rosuvastatin
- Pravastatin
Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels.
Which statin is considered the longest acting?
Rosuvastatin
Long-acting statins can be taken at any time of the day.
Statins have the maximum potential for lowering what type of cholesterol?
LDL-Cholesterol
LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein, often referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol.
When should most statins be administered for optimal effect?
Late evening/night
This timing is due to the body’s cholesterol synthesis patterns.
True or False: Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin can be taken at any time of the day.
True
These statins are long-acting and do not require specific timing.
Fill in the blank: Non anti dyslipidemics that end with ‘statin’ include _______.
Cilastatin, Pentostatin, Somaatostatin
These drugs do not primarily function as anti-dyslipidemics.
What is the primary adverse effect concern with statins?
Adverse Effects
Specific adverse effects are not listed but are a significant factor in statin therapy.
Name one statin that is not commonly used due to safety concerns.
Cerivastatin
Cerivastatin was withdrawn from the market due to safety issues.
What is the risk associated with Myopathy when using Fibrates and enzyme inhibitors like clarithromycin and erythromycin?
Risk of further Myopathy
Myopathy is a muscle disease that can be exacerbated by certain medications.
What is a potential adverse effect of certain medications that can lead to new onset diabetes?
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia refers to elevated blood sugar levels.
What are the pleiotropic effects of statins?
Additional benefits apart from improving lipid profile, including:
* Plaque Stabilization
* Endothelial dysfunction improvement
* Inflammation reduction
* Oxidative Stress reduction
* Thrombosis reduction
Pleiotropic effects refer to the multiple effects a drug can have beyond its primary therapeutic effect.
Which statins are considered prodrugs with maximum CNS penetration?
Simvastatin and Lovastatin
Prodrugs are medications that require metabolic conversion to become active.
Which statin is known for being the longest acting?
Rosuvastatin
The duration of action of a drug can affect its dosing schedule.
Which statin has negligible metabolism by CYP3A4 and has a low risk of myopathy?
Pravastatin
CYP3A4 is a key enzyme in drug metabolism; lower interaction can reduce side effects.
What is the role of Ezetimibe in cholesterol management?
Inhibits NPL1C1 in the intestine to prevent cholesterol absorption
NPL1C1 is a protein involved in the absorption of cholesterol.
What happens to HMG-COA reductase in the liver when Ezetimibe is used?
There is upregulation of HMG-COA reductase, leading to increased cholesterol synthesis
HMG-COA reductase is a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.
Why is Ezetimibe combined with statins?
To prevent tolerance
Tolerance can occur when the body becomes accustomed to a medication, reducing its effectiveness.
Which class of drugs includes Clofibrate, Fenofibrate, Bezafibrate, and Gemfibrozil?
Fibrates
Fibrates are used primarily to lower triglyceride levels.
How do fibrates act in the body?
By PPAR-alpha stimulation and LPL (Lipoprotein Lipase) activation
PPAR-alpha is a receptor that, when activated, helps to regulate lipid metabolism.
What is the maximum potential of fibrates?
Triglyceride lowering potential
Fibrates are particularly effective in lowering triglycerides in the blood.
