anti-hypertensives

Question 1

hypertension increase the risk of:

Answer 1

• MI
• HF
• cerebral infarction and hemorrhage
• renal disease

Question 2

response to hypotension:

Answer 2

• SNS stimulated
• adrenal medualla secretes epinephrine and norephinephrine
• angiotensin II and aldosterone are formed
• kidneys retain fluid
• bp is increased

Question 3

response to hypertension

Answer 3

• increase renal secretion
• fluid loss decrease circulating volume
• decrease cardiac output, which
• decreases arterial bp, which
• decreases bp

Question 4

hypertension is defined as

Answer 4

persistently high bp that results from abnormalities in regulatory mechanisms

• systolic pressure greater than 140 mm hg
• diastolic pressure grater than 90 mm hg

Question 5

hypertension originally may produce no symptoms but eventually reflect

Answer 5

target organ damage (heart, brain, kidneys (eyes are first to show damage))

Question 6

Hypertensive emergencies

Answer 6

• episodes of severely elevated bp caused by extension of malignant HTN, cerebral hemmorhage, dissecting aortic anuerysm, renal disease, etc
• SYMPTOMS: severe HA, N/V, visual disturbances, neurological disturbances, disorientation, decreased LOC

Question 7

Anti-hypertensive medications classifications

Answer 7

• angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors)
• angiotension II receptor blockers (ARB’s)
• Antiadrenergics (strong 1st dose effect)
• calcium channel blockers
• Diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, spironolactone) watch sodium in diet
• direct vasodilators

Question 8

_______ appear to protect people with diabetes from diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease)

Answer 8

ACE inhibitors

Question 9

watch for ______ with ACE inhibitors

Answer 9

hyperkalemia

Question 10

a lifestyle modification that can be made for hypertension

Answer 10

is sodium restriction

Question 11

HTN medication guidelines, medication must be taken ____

Answer 11

everyday

Question 12

Antihypertensive drugs and eryctile dysfuntion:

Answer 12

• the pharmacological management of hypertension has long been implicated in the genesis of erectile dysfunction (the later is considered the main reason of non-adherence to anti-hypertensive therapy)
• older-generation anti-hypertensive drugs negatively affect erectile function
• while newer generation drugs seem to have neutral effects
• preliminary data with the latest drugs (ARB’s) point to a beneficial effect on erectile function