Anti-Infections

Question 1

What is an antibiotic

Answer 1

Bacteria that kills other bacteria

Question 2

What differentiates an antimicrobial agent from an antibiotic?

Answer 2

Antimicrobial is synthetic

Question 3

what does selective toxicity mean

Answer 3

Kills bacteria without hurting other cells

Question 4

how many pathogens do narrow spectrum antibiotics kill

Answer 4

1 specific

Question 5

what is the difference between bacteriocidal and bacterial static?

Answer 5

Bacteriocidal kills bacteria and bacterial static causes damage but does not kill the pathogen

Question 6

should you finish the entire course of antibiotics?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

what percentage is the minimum inhibitory concentration inhibit of bacteria

Answer 7

90%

Question 8

what percentage is the minimum bacteriocidal concentration kill of pathogen

Answer 8

99.99%

Question 9

if someone is G6PD deficient what could antibiotics cause

Answer 9

RBC to lyse

Question 10

how long should you wait to give antibiotics for a cold symptomatic patient

Answer 10

7-10 days

Question 11

what are beta lactam antibacterial agents?

Answer 11

Penicillin, cephalosporin, monobactam and carbanems

Question 12

penicillin is also called what

Answer 12

Ampicillin

Question 13

Does penicillin work on gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria

Answer 13

Gram-positive

Question 14

serious adverse effect of penicillin?

Answer 14

Pseudomembranous colitis a.k.a. CDIFF

Question 15

when would you never give a patient penicillin/ampicillin

Answer 15

History of severe allergic reaction to other beta-lactam’s

Question 16

how do you want to give your patient penicillin

Answer 16

If oral with water one hour before or two hours after meals

Question 17

how long should you monitor if giving a patient penicillin IV

Answer 17

30 minutes

Question 18

what do beta-lactamase inhibitors do?

Answer 18

Allows for the antibiotic to penetrate the cell wall

Question 19

what is a first generation cephalosporin

Answer 19

Cefazolin aka Ancef

Question 20

what is another name for Ancef

Answer 20

Cefazolin

Question 21

Does Cefazolin work on gram-positive or gram-negative

Answer 21

Gram-positive

Question 22

when is cephalosporin usually given

Answer 22

Pre-operative prophylaxis

Question 23

route of Ancef

Answer 23

IM, IV

Question 24

serious adverse effect of Ancef?

Answer 24

CDF leukopenia neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

Question 25

hard no for Ancef

Answer 25

Previous allergic reaction to other beta lactams

Question 26

routes of administration of Ancef

Answer 26

Oral with meals IV piggyback or IV push

Question 27

what is a disulfiram reacrion?

Answer 27

sever vomiting

Question 28

Primaxin is what class of drug?

Answer 28

Carbapenems

Question 29

severe adverse reaction of Carbapenems?

Answer 29

CDF, seizures and CNS toxicity

Question 30

what class of drug is Vancomycin?

Answer 30

Glycopeptide

Question 31

what is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin

Answer 31

Breaks down the cell wall

Question 32

How many ML's of fluid would you give with Vancomycin?

Answer 32

give with 250ml of fluid over 1 hour

Question 33

severe adverse event of Vanco

Answer 33

Renal failure, ototoxicity, Redman syndrome

Question 34

what causes Redman syndrome when using Vanco

Answer 34

Administering too quickly

Question 35

Hard no forgiving Vanco

Answer 35

Renal impairment

Question 36

what is the effect of trough serum level of Vanco

Answer 36

15 to 20 µg/ milliliter narrow therapeutic range

Question 37

after how many doses do you take a trough with Vanco

Answer 37

After fourth dose

Question 38

what drug is a Monobactam

Answer 38

Azactam/Aztreonam

Question 39

what patients use monobactam's

Answer 39

Cystic fibrosis patients

Question 40

is it Azctam safe for PCN allergy patients?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

what are serious adverse events with the use of Azactam

Answer 41

Seizures and CDIFF

Question 42

what do bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit?

Answer 42

Proteins synthesis

Question 43

what are the two bacteriostatic antibiotics

Answer 43

Tetracycline and Erythromycin

Question 44

what is tetracycline used for

Answer 44

Chlamydia mycoplasma and when someone has a penicillin allergy

Question 45

what is a common side effect of tetracycline

Answer 45

Photosensitivity

Question 46

if someone is less than eight years old using tetracycline what can happen to their teeth and bones

Answer 46

Discoloration of teeth and interfere with bone growth

Question 47

hard no for tetracycline

Answer 47

Pregnancy less than eight years old or significant renal impairment

Question 48

if you can't take tetracycline on an empty stomach how should you take it

Answer 48

One hour before meals or two hours after

Question 49

erythromycin is what class of drug

Answer 49

Macrolide

Question 50

erythromycin as used as a what?

Answer 50

Penicillin substitute

Question 51

what does erythromycin Comm in the Treat

Answer 51

Sexually transmitted infections

Question 52

is erythromycin bacterial static or bactericidal

Answer 52

Bacteriostatic

Question 53

what foods should you not eat when taking erythromycin

Answer 53

Grapefruit juice

Question 54

how is erythromycin metabolized

Answer 54

By the liver with the P450 enzyme

Question 55

serious side effects of erythromycin

Answer 55

Ototoxicity, super infection, QT prolongation and CDIFF

Question 56

never give erythromycin if someone has what

Answer 56

History of long QT syndrome or history of hypersensitivity

Question 57

do not give her with her myosin if someone is taking an inhibitor of what

Answer 57

CYP3A4 enzyme (calcium channel blocker orphans and HIV meds)

Question 58

gentamicin is what class of drugs

Answer 58

Aminoglycoside

Question 59

What is aminoglycoside used for

Answer 59

Aerobic gram-negative bacteria with Vanco myosin or beta-lactam

Question 60

What is the mechanism of action of Gentamicin?

Answer 60

Inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria at the ribosome

Question 61

is aminoglycosides bacteriocidal or bacteria static

Answer 61

Bacteriocidal

Question 62

is Gentamicin metabolized in the liver

Answer 62

NO

Question 63

serious side effects of aminoglycoside

Answer 63

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Question 64

how many minutes will you administer Gentamicin over in IV piggyback?

Answer 64

30 min

Question 65

what is a concern when using aminoglycosides/Gentamicin?

Answer 65

Hearing stuff and kidneys

Question 66

What medication is a Sulfonamides?

Answer 66

Bactrum

Question 67

what is the generic name of Bactrim

Answer 67

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 68

what is the mechanism of action of Bactrim

Answer 68

Inhibiting Metaball ism of Folick acid and bacteria at two places

Question 69

what is a serious adverse effect of Bactrim

Answer 69

Hyperkalemia hyponatremia Steven Johnson syndrome and CDIFF. Blood issues too

Question 70

what drug is a fluoroquinolone?

Answer 70

Ciprofloxacin

Question 71

what is the mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin?

Answer 71

Stops DNA synthesis by stopping DNA enzyme

Question 72

cipro interacts with what drugs that is important

Answer 72

Drugs that prolong the QT interval

Question 73

what is the black box warning for MSK with ciprofloxacin?

Answer 73

Tendinitis and tendon rupture

Question 74

what is a black box warning for Nero aspects of Ciprofloxacin?

Answer 74

Peripheral neuropathy and increased ICP and seizures

Question 75

what are non-specific blackbox warnings with Ciprofloxacin?

Answer 75

Liver problems anaphylaxis and CDIFF