Respiratory Meds Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Anti inflammatory agents are what?
A
Glucocorticoids
2
Q
Bronchodilators do what?
A
Open the airway by being beta-2 agonists
3
Q
how long should you wait in between MDI doses?
A
1 minute
4
Q
Should you inhale and then activate when not using a spacer for inhaler
A
Yes
5
Q
Do Respimates use propellant
A
No
6
Q
what is an advantage of a respimate?
A
decreased drug absorption in mouth
7
Q
do dry powder inhaler’s require hand breath coordination?
A
No
8
Q
what is a benefit of a nebulizer
A
Can administer oxygen and nebulizer medication
9
Q
what is a disadvantage of using a nebulizer
A
Increased risk of aerosolization of pathogens
10
Q
Beclomethasone is a what?
A
Glucocorticoid QVAR
11
Q
what is the MOA of beclomethasone?
A
Inhibits inflammatory cells in the released of leukotrienes histamine and prostaglandins
12
Q
serious side effect of beclomethasone
A
Adrenal suppression cataracts and glaucoma
13
Q
does beclomethasone cause shrinking of height in adults
A
No
14
Q
Do not use beclomethasone if you have what?
A
Bone mineral density issues, ocular issues, immunosuppression
15
Q
how long in between bronchodilators and corticosteroids?
A
5 min
16
Q
you should rinse your mouth after used of beclomethasone for what reason?
A
Reduce the risk of oral canadisis
17
Q
what respiratory issues is prednisone used for
A
Asthma, COPD exacerbation
18
Q
severe side effects of oral prednisone
A
Adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia peptic ulcer disease and growth suppression in children
19
Q
when should you use oral prednisone
A
Only when you cannot control asthma with other means
20
Q
Do not use oral prednisone if patient is taking what?
A
Desmopressin
21
Q
Do not use oral prednisone if patient has history of what?
A
G.I. disease, ocular disease, renal impairment, hepatic disease
22
Q
how is oral prednisone given?
A
“In bursts” 40 to 60 mg per day for 3 to 10 days
23
Q
What should you take with oral prednisone
A
Food or milk
24
Q
When taking oral prednisone what should you do to minimize possible bone loss?
A
Taken adequate calcium and vitamin D and do weight-bearing exercises
25
what drug is a leukotriene modifier
Zafirlukast
26
Zafirlukast is also called what
Accolate
27
MOA of Accolate?
Antagonizes the effects of leukotriene mediates airway edema smooth muscle constriction and altered cellular activity
28
common side effects of ACCOLATE?
Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
29
Black box warning of Accolate (Zafirlukast)
Nuro psychotic events SI, mental illness, depression
30
what does Accolate interact with?
CYP450 in liver effects warfin
31
what drug is a mast cell stabilizer?
Cromolyn
32
mechanism of action of CROMOLYN
Prevent mast cells from releasing histamines
33
when should you use mast cell stabilizers?
When glucocorticoids cause problems
34
common side effects of CROMOLYN?
Throat irritation bad taste cough and wheezing
35
phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE4) are called what?
Roflumilast (Daliresp)
36
what is the mechanism of action of PDE4 inhibitors?
Inhibits PTE for resulting in accumulation of adenosine monophosphate in lung tissue. Reduces the amount of cells in sputum.
37
What are serious side effects of PPE4 inhibitors
Suicidal thoughts and angioedema
38
Are PDE4 inhibitors bronco dilators?
No
39
what type of drug is albuterol
Bronchodilator
40
what type of drug is salmeterol
Bronchodilator
41
what type of drug is Theophyline
Bronco dilator
42
what type of drug is ipratropium
Bronco dilator
43
where are beta-2 adrenergic receptors
lungs
44
What does SABA stand for?
Short acting beta2 agonist
45
what are other names for albuterol
Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir
46
mechanism of action of albuterol
Stimulates beta two receptors in the smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioles promoting bronchial dilation
47
common side effects of albuterol
Nervousness, restlessness, tremor, insomnia
48
serious adverse effects of albuterol
Chest pain arrhythmias hypertension and paradoxical bronchospasm
49
if your asthma is controlled should you use albuterol often
No
50
what should you monitor the intake of with someone using albuterol
Caffeine
51
what medical history should you not use albuterol
Systemic beta agonist with diabetes mellitus, hyper thyroidism and HTN
52
if you started an MAOI how many days should you wait to use albuterol
14
53
what does LABA stand for?
Long acting beta2 agonist
54
what are severe side effects of LABa's?
Prolonged QT interval
55
what type of beta to agonist is salmeterol
LABA
56
Xanthine is what?
Theophylline
57
What is the mechanism of action of Theophylline
Relax smooth muscles of bronchi by blocking receptors for adenosine
58
severe side effects of Theophylline
Atrial fibrillation, tachyarrhythmias, seizures and toxicity
59
Ipraatropium. is what type of medication
Anti-chlorogenic
60
Ipratropium is also called what?
Atrovent
61
atrovent is FDA approved for what
COPD
62
atrovent is off label use for
Asthma
63
common side effects of Atrovent
Dry mouth and increase of intraocular pressure
64
mechanism of action of Atrovent
Blocks muscarinic receptors and bronchi, preventing bronchoconstriction
65
What is a LAMA
Long acting anti-muscarinic antagonist
66
do you use LAMA's for acute issues
No
67
should you use LAMA with ipratropium
No
68
Spiriva is also called what?
Tiotropium
69
what is the mechanism of action of Spiriva
Anti-Korra genetic selectively and reversibly inhibiting M3 receptors of smooth muscles and airways
70
serious side effects of Spiriva
Open angle glaucoma, urinary retention, balance traction, immediate hypersensitivity reaction
71
why would you notify healthcare provider immediately when using Spiriva
Angioedema or eye pain
72
how many days a week do you want to use SABA's
2 a week or less
73
what are treatment goals of COPD
Reduce symptoms, reduce risk and mortality
74
how do you reduce risks and mortality of COPD
Prevent progression of disease and manage exacerbations
75
How do you reduce symptoms of COPD
Improve health status and increase exercise tolerance
76
what are intranasal glucocorticoids used for
Allergic rhinitis
77
What is the mechanism of action of intranasal glucocorticoids
Acts on cell mediators of inflammation
78
what do you use intranasal glucocorticoids for
Prevention and treatment of seasonal rhinitis
79
serious side effects of intranasal glucocorticoids
Adrenal insufficiency, decreased bone density, cataracts, glaucoma
80
what is a first generation H1 receptor antagonist
Diphenhydramine
81
diphenhydramine is also called what
` Benadryl
82
what is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine
Antagonize the effects of histamine on H1 receptors
83
what do you use diphenhydramine for
Hypersensitivity reactions, motion sickness and insomnia
84
does Benadryl cross the blood brain barrier
yes
85
what type of side effects does diphenhydramine produce
Anti-chlorogenic.... Dry mouth urinary retention constipation blurred vision
86
what medication is a second generation H1 receptor antagonist
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
87
when does Allegra start working?
Within one hour of oral administration
88
what is the mechanism of action of Allegra
Antagonize the effects of histamine at peripheral histamine receptors
89
onset of action of diphenhydramine
If oral 60 minutes 30 minutes if IV rapid
90
What condition should you use Benadryl with caution in
Peptic ulcers and prosthetic hyperplasia
91
does fexofenadine cross the blood brain barrier?
No
92
why does Benadryl cause
Cross the blood brain barrier access sedative
93
what medication's have strong interactions with fexofenadine
Magnesium and aluminum containing antacids decrease the absorption and may decrease effectiveness
94
Mechanism of action of intranasal cromolyn sodium
Suppresses release of histamine and inflammatory mediators
95
do you use intranasal cromolyn sodium to treat sinus infections or URi's
No
96
Sudafed is what type of drug
Simpathomimetics
97
pseudoephedrine is also called what
Sudafed
98
onset of action of Sudafed
30 minutes
99
mechanism of action of pseudoephedrine
Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors releasing norepinephrine causing vasoconstriction in nose
100
common side effects of Sudafed
Anxiety, nervousness, and palpitations and insomnia
101
serious adverse effects of Sudafed
A fib, heart attack and PVCs
102
should you take Sudafed with MAOI's?
No
103
Sudafed is protected how because why?
Sold behind the counter requires a photo ID, can only buy a limited amount because it can be used to make meth.
104
Phenylephrine is what?
Sudafed PE
105
what is the mechanism of action of Afrin
Acts directly on alpha-2 receptors producing vasoconstriction
106
how many days can you use Afrin for
3
107
what is rebound congestion known as
Rhinitis Medicamentosa
108
dextromethorphan is also called what?
Delsym
109
Dextromethorphan is what class of drug?
Antitussive
110
what does antitussive mean
Cough suppressant
111
what is the mechanism of action of Delsym?
Depresses the cough center in the meulla
112
common adverse effects of Delsym
Dizziness sedation and rash
113
what medication does Delsym interact with
Acetaminophen due to liver issues
114
what antitussives is an opioid
Codeine
115
what is the mechanism of action of codeine as an antitussive
Depresses the medullary cough reflux elevating cough threshold
116
what are adverse events of the antitussive codine
Addiction and suppressing respirations
117
what class of drug is guaifenesin
Expectorant
118
what is the onset of guaifenesin
30 minutes
119
what is the mechanism of action of guaifenesin
Reduces the viscosity of secretion by irritating gastric vagal receptors
120
what route can guaifenesin be given
Orally and oral extended release
121
what are brand names of guaifenesin
Robitussin and Mucinex
122
who should not receive over the counter cough and cold products
Children less than four
123
is expectorant medication such as guaifenesin used for long-term use
No
124
combination products contain what for cold and cough suppressants
Nasal decongestants, antitussives, analgesics, anti-histamines and caffeine.
125
Cafein offsets what side effects and combination
Sedative effects
126
are cold remedies cures for colds?
No they are symptomatic treatment
127
what herbal remedy has been shown to reduce symptoms of cold?
Zinc
