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Pharm II > Anti-Inflammatory and Pain-Reducers > Flashcards

Anti-Inflammatory and Pain-Reducers Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Natural response of living tissue to injury and infection

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

Induce pain and swelling

A

Kinins

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3
Q

Produce heat, fever, and pain

A

Prostaglandins

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4
Q

Produce redness and swelling

A

Histamine

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5
Q

2 Main groups of anti-inflammatory agents

A

Sterioids and NSAIDS

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6
Q

2 Types of steroidal anti-inflammatories

A
  1. Coricosteroids

2. Mineralocorticoids

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7
Q

Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of this enzyme

A

phospholipase

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8
Q

AKA steroids
Synthetically produced in a lab
Short-acting, intermediate acting, or long acting
Provide analgesia, anti-inflammatory, reduce scarring and tissue damage, and relieve pruritis

A

Glucocorticoids

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9
Q

5 drawbacks to using Glucocorticoids

A
  1. Delay wound healing
  2. Increase risk of infection
  3. GI ulcers and bleeding
  4. Increase risk of corneal ulceration
  5. Increase blood glucose levels
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10
Q

A short action steroid lasts for

A

<12 hrs

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11
Q

An intermediate acting steroid lasts for

A

12-36 hrs

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12
Q

A long-acting steroid lasts for

A

> 48hrs

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13
Q

Glucocorticoids can be combined with

A

antifungals and antibiotics

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14
Q

3 most common S/E of steroid use

A
  1. Polyuria
  2. Polydipsia
  3. polyphagia
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15
Q

If an animal is on a steroid for too long, they can develop

A

iatrogenic Cushing’s dz

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16
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism is AKA

A

Cushing’s Dz

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17
Q

If the steroid dose is not tapered down, the patient could develop

A

iatrogenic Addison’s Dz

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18
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism is AKA

A

Addison’s Dz

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19
Q

C/S of this dz include: PU/PD, pendulous belly, lethargy, bilateral symmetrical alopecia

A

Cushing’s Dz (hyperadrenocorticism)

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20
Q

C/S of this dz include: weakness, lethargy, V+/D+

A

Addison’s Dz (hypoadrenocorticism)

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21
Q

What type of pts should you avoid giving glucocorticoids to because it could induce hyperglycemia?

A

Diabetic

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22
Q

These are blood thinning agents that have less S/E than steroids?

A

NSAIDs

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23
Q

2 forms of cyclooxygenase

A

COX 1 - stomach

COX 2 - inflammation

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24
Q

NSAIDs are AKA

A

prostaglandin inhibitors

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25
How should you treat a cat with Aspirin?
Baby aspirin q 72 hr
26
Baby aspirin
81 mg/tab
27
Adult aspirin
325 mg/tab
28
Buffered aspirin neutralizes
stomach acid
29
This type of aspirin is dissolved by the intestines
enteric-coated
30
This type of aspirin is found with steroids or other NSAIDs
Combination
31
NSAID used in equine medicine that is highly protein-bound | Used for analgesia, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory
Phenylbutazone | AKA bute
32
This type of NSAID is NOT RECOMMENDED for animals because it is easily toxic Proprionic acid derivative
Ibuprofen
33
A proprionic acid derivative used in birds, cats, and dogs
Ketoprofen
34
A proprionic acid derivative used in horses but not recommended for dogs
Naproxen
35
A proprionic acid derivative AND COX-2 inhibitor used in dogs and extra-label for food producing animals
Carprofen (Rimadyl)
36
A COX-2 inhibitor used for post-op pain management | Absorbs better with food
Deracoxib
37
A COX-2 inhibitor used for post-op pain that produces soft stool as a S/E Cats can only receive this drug once in their life orally
Meloxicam
38
A COX-2 inhibitor AKA Equioxx used to control osteoarthritis in dogs and horses
Firocoxib
39
This drug is FDA approved for cattle (beef and dairy) and horses and extra-label for other species Used for musculoskeletal pain, colic, shock IVDD, post op surgery pain
Flunixin Meglumine | AKA Banamine
40
A good substitute for Carprofen
Etodolac
41
Similar to aspirin used for osteoarthritis in equine medicine Slow 2-3 day onset Comes as a granular form mixed in with feed
Meclofenamic acid | AKA Arquel
42
This drug blocks COX 1 and COX 2 so it results with less GI upset and ulcers Tablet QUICKLY dissolves in animal's mouth
Tepoxalin | AKA Zubrin
43
This drug inactivates super radicals produced by inflammation Has a garlic odor/taste, penetrates tissues well
DMSO | Dimethyl Sulfoxide
44
These are naturally made by the body and are the most costly | Polysaccharides in proteoglycans
GAGs
45
GAG used to increase motility and flexibility Normally part of synovial fluid in animals Cushions the joint as an intra-articular inj in horses and dogs
Hyaluronate sodium | AKA Hyalovet
46
Semi-synthetic mix of glycosaminoglycans from bovine cartilage
PGAGs | AKA Adequan
47
Considered neutraceuticals if combined | Restores cartilage
Glucosamine and Chondroitin sulfate
48
These type of drugs are used for itching, motion sickness, and anaphylactic shock
Anti-histamines
49
What do H1s do?
Produce symptoms and activate allergic reactions
50
What do H2s do?
Activate the acid-producing parietal cells of the stomach lining
51
Main Side effect of Antihistamines
drowsiness
52
These drugs adjust the immune response to a desired level
Immunomodulators
53
Immunomodulators that increase the immune response
Immunopotentiation
54
Immunomodulators that decrease the immune response
Immunosuppression
55
do not affect the immune system and cause no response
Immunologic tolerance
56
This drug suppresses immune system responses through T-Cell activity Most effective immunosuppressant Used for dermatitis in dogs STEP DOWN DOSING
Cyclosporine
57
If an animal is experiencing mild or moderate pain, they should be treated with
NSAIDs
58
If an animal is experiencing severe, traumatic pain, they should be treated with
a narcotic
59
An analgesic NEVER used in vet medicine | Works by blocking nociceptors, not inflammation
Tylenol | Acetaminophen
60
Toxicity antidote for acetaminophen
acetylcysteine

Pharm II (8 decks)

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