Anti Protozoal Drugs Flashcards
(31 cards)
4 Classes of Protozoa
Sarcodina
Sporozoa
Mastigophora
Ciliophora
2 species of Sarcodina
Antamoeba histolytica
Diantamoeba fragillis…
2 species of sporozoa
Plasmodium
Toxoplasma
3 species in mastigophora
Trypanosoma
Giardia
Trichomonas
1 specie in Ciliophora
Balantidium Spp
What is Amoebiasis
Amoebic dysentry , frequent flow of water stools contains blood and mucus
Two types of Amoebiasis
Amoebic hepatitis - Local infarction in liver
Amoebic abscess - Necrosis in liver
How antamoeba histolytica cause anemia
By engulfing erythrocytes
Two forms of antamoeba histolytica
Non-Cyst form - non-infective
Cyst form is infectious
MOA of E. Histolica
Two classes of drugs for Amoebiasis
Tissue amoebisides
Luminal amoebisides
Drugs of tissue amoebisides
Nitrioimidazole
Tinidazole
Ornidazole
Metronidazole
Emetine, dehydroemetine, chloroquine
Antibiotics
Tetracycline
Erythromycin and paromomycin
Metronidazole is effective against
E.histolica, Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium Spp,,
Peptococcus, peptostreptococcos , Clostridium
Hypoxic cells…
Uses of Metronidazole
Amoebiasis
Ulcerative Gingivitis
Trichomonas and Giardial infections with antibiotics
Also used to prevent post operative anaerobic infection
MOA of Metronidazole
Nitro group accept electrons from ETP…
Reduced intermediate products
Attack proteins and DNA…..
ETP in amoeba and in mammals
Feriidoxin, flavoproteins…
How metronidazole clearance Is decreased
Metronidazole + Cimetidine
ADRs of Metronidazole
Pruritis, metallic taste, disulfiram like effect
Drug of choice in emetine and dehydroemetine
Dehydroemetine has less ADRs
MOA of emetine
Directly effect protein synthesis
Kill trophoziotes in intestine..
ADRs of emetine
ECG abnormalities
Tachycardia
Arrythmia
Muscular weakness
Diloxanide furoate is used for
Asymptotic intestinal infections…
Diloxanide furoate hydrolysed into
Diloxanide - 90% is absorbed and excreted from body through glucuronide conjunction
10% act as luminal amoebisides
Furoic acid
