anti seizure

Question 1

is a seizure transient or consistent?

Answer 1

transient

Question 2

is a seizure synchronous or asynchronous?

Answer 2

synchronous

Question 3

when can a seizure be epileptic?

Answer 3

if unprovoked

Question 4

is epilepsy consistent or nonconsistent?

Answer 4

consistent

Question 5

is epilepsy predictable or unpredictable?

Answer 5

unpredictable

Question 6

what is the definition of epilepsy?

Answer 6

disorder of neuron excitability

Question 7

when would an EEG show lapses of awareness?

Answer 7

absence seizure

Question 8

neurotransmitter tone can be excitatory or inhibitory depending on the ____?

Answer 8

effect

Question 9

what are the three monoamines?

Answer 9

5HT, NE, Dopa

Question 10

what are the 2 inhibitory AAs?

Answer 10

glycine, GABA

Question 11

does inhibiting glycine and GABA increase or decrease seizures?

Answer 11

inc

Question 12

does agonizing glycine and GABA increase or decrease seizures?

Answer 12

dec

Question 13

what are the 2 excitatory AAs?

Answer 13

glutamate and aspartate

Question 14

does inhibiting glutamate and aspartate increase or decrease seizures?

Answer 14

dec

Question 15

does agonizing glutamate and aspartate increase or decrease seizures?

Answer 15

inc

Question 16

what are the 5 antiseizure drug receptors?

Answer 16

Na
Ca
GABA
AMPA
NMDA

Question 17

which 2 receptors are glutamate receptors?

Answer 17

NMDA/AMPA

Question 18

what type of channels are NMDA/AMPA?

Answer 18

ligand gated ion channel

Question 19

what happens when glutamate binds NMDA/AMPA?

Answer 19

they open

Question 20

what are the 4 requirements of NMDA receptor?

Answer 20

glutamate bind, glycine bind for glutamate to activate, Mg expelled from pore, Calcium/Na/K

Question 21

when glutamate binds NMDA, what does Mg expelling from the pore cause?

Answer 21

depolarization

Question 22

what does glycine binding the NMDA receptor cause?

Answer 22

increase in opening frequency

Question 23

What happens when the AMPA receptor is activated by glutamate binding?

Answer 23

Na influx, K efflux (depolarized)

Question 24

is Ca required for AMPA or NMDA?

Answer 24

NMDA

Question 25

what does AMPA receptor have a site for?

Answer 25

glutamate

Question 26

what does NMDA have a site for?

Answer 26

glutamate, glycine

Question 27

what does GABA have a site for?

Answer 27

barbituate, benzo, GABA

Question 28

does lamotrigine bind receptors?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

what is lamotrigine MOA?

Answer 29

blocks glutamate release into synapse

Question 30

what is felbamate MOA?

Answer 30

binds to glycine site on NMDA receptor and prevents Na entry from influx of Na after glutamate binds

Question 31

what does felbamate prevent?

Answer 31

glycine binding so glutamate cant work and Na doesnt enter cell

Question 32

what is topiramate MOA?

Answer 32

binds to glutamate site on AMPA receptor and stops Na influx

Question 33

what does topiramate block?

Answer 33

glutamate binding to AMPA receptor is stopped by topiramate

Question 34

what does a GABA receptor require?

Answer 34

GABA binding, benzo/barbituate, Cl

Question 35

what do benzo/barbituates require to work?

Answer 35

GABA binding

Question 36

what do barbituates do to channel opening?

Answer 36

increase duration of opening

Question 37

what happens as a result of benzo/barbituates making the channel open longer?

Answer 37

Cl enters

Question 38

what happens when Cl enters?

Answer 38

repolarization (--) channel charge and harder to open

Question 39

what is the MOA of diazepam?

Answer 39

binds to benzodiazepam site of GABA to increase Cl entrance and frequency of channel opening

Question 40

what do benzodiazepines do to the channel opening?

Answer 40

increase frequency of opening

Question 41

what is the MOA of phenobarbital?

Answer 41

binds GABA's barbituate site and increase Cl entry to increase duration of channel opening

Question 42

what is the MOA of tiagabine?

Answer 42

blocks GABA-T to SS conversion by preventing GABA reuptake via GAT-1 GAT-1 REUPTAKE BLOCK

Question 43

what is the MOA of valproate and vigabatrin?

Answer 43

inhibit GABA-T so GABA repackaging and release are increased GABA-T BLOCK

Question 44

what is a secondary action of valproate?

Answer 44

inhibits SS breakdown

Question 45

what is the MOA of Gabapentin?

Answer 45

promotes release of GABA

Question 46

what is the MOA of phenytoin and carbamazepine?

Answer 46

block sodium channel on post synaptic neuron

Question 47

what happens as a result of phenytoin and carbamazepine?

Answer 47

lengthens refractory period

Question 48

(6) what drugs can lengthen the refractory period by inactivating Na channels?

Answer 48

phenytoin carbamazepine lamotrigine topiramate valproate zonisamide

Question 49

what is the MOA of ethosuximide?

Answer 49

block t-type Ca channel by decreasing thalamic pacemaker Ca current

Question 50

(T/F) valproate can also block t-type Ca channel by decreasing thalamic pacemaker Ca current?

Answer 50

T