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Neurons, Brain, and Behavior > Anti-Seizure Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-Seizure Drugs Flashcards

Dr. Kaul

1
Q

Key hepatic enzyme inhibiting Anti-seizure drug

A

Valproate

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2
Q

Ethosuximide Adverse efects

A

GI distress

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3
Q

Representative Drugs for Absence seizures (T-type inhibitors)

A
  • Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
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4
Q

Phenytoin Mechanism of Action

A

Sodium Block

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5
Q

Given Valproic Acid and Lamatrogine’s Mechanism of action, what are its indications?

A

All kinds of seizures

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6
Q

Valproic acid has a Triple mechanism of Action, where it’ll inhibit Na+, but it will also inhibit ______ channels and promote _____ neurotransmitter production

A
  • Calcium

- GABA

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7
Q

Indications for Carbamazepine and Phenytoin?

A

The 4 Easy Uses of Anti-seizure drugs

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8
Q

Which drug is a modified Carbazepine, which has less adverse side effects, but more likely to cause hyponatremia?

A

Oxcarbazepine

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9
Q

Long-term use of anti-seizure drugs puts patients at risk for ______

A

Osteoporosis

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10
Q

Ethosuximide MOA

A

T-Type Calcium Block

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11
Q

Valproate is huge in Neural Tube Defects, but 2 also distinguishing effects:

A
  1. Alopecia

2. Weight Gain

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12
Q

Valproic acid has a Triple mechanism of Action, where it’ll inhibit Na+, but it will also inhibit ______ channels and promote _____ neurotransmitter production

A
  • Calcium

- GABA

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13
Q

Tiagabine MOA

A 
Inhibit GABA (GAT-1)
(Reuptake blocker)
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14
Q

Given Valproic Acid’s Mechanism of action, what are its indications?

A

All kinds of seizures

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15
Q

Representative Drugs for Partial seizures

A

Phenytoin, Carbamazepine

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16
Q

Hirsutism and Gingival hyperplasia are two distinguishing side effects of which anti-seizure drug?

A

Phenytoin

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17
Q

Phenobarbital MOA

A

Target GABA-A receptor

- Prolongs Cl- channel opening

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18
Q

Phenobarb indications

A

4 easy seizures

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19
Q

Lamotrigine has two funny drug interactions:

  1. Valproate will cause _____ lamotrigine.
  2. Phenytoin or Carbamazpine will cause _____ lamotrigine.
A
  • More (because Valproate is super needy and displaces)

- Less (because Cyps go on super metabo mode with Pheny and Carba)

20
Q

Phenobarb is used for _____ but not for _____

A
  • Children

- Adults

21
Q

3 Contra-indications of Phenytoin

A
  1. Myoclonic
  2. Absence
  3. Lennox-Gastaut

(The Twitch/Muscle-based diseases don’t want sodium to be blocked)

22
Q

Carbamzepine is just like Phenytoin, except it also can auto-induce its own metabolism and will present with 3 different, key adverse effects. _____, ______, _______.

A
  1. Hyponatremia
  2. Leukopenia
  3. Terrible Rash
23
Q

Aside from weight gain, Vigabatrin distinguishing side effect

A

Retinal Toxicity & pieripheral vision loss

24
Q

Tiagabine is only really good to treat ______ seizures

A

Focal

25
Q

Do not use Gabapentin or Pregabalin for ____ & _____ seizures, or ____ _____ ______ seizures

A
  • Myoclonic
  • Absence
  • Generalized Tonic Clonic
26
Q

Gabapentin and Pregabalin MOA

A

Inhibit Calcium channels (with a2d1)

27
Q

Tiagabine, Vigabatrin, and Gabapentin/Pregabalin are all cleared by the ______

A

Kidneys

Less Drug-drug interactions

28
Q

What is significant of phenytoin’s PK curve?

A

Starts off linear, becomes exponential at higher doses

29
Q

Benzos should only be used for the special kind of seizures. Name 5

A
  1. Status Epilepticus
  2. Lennox
  3. Myoclonic
  4. Atonic
  5. Absence Seizures
30
Q

Benzo MOA

A

Target GABA-A receptor

- Prolongs Cl- channel opening

31
Q

Perampanel Adverse Effects

A
  • Black Box warning: Suicidal Thoughts
32
Q

Phenobarb adverse scary effect

A

Respiratory depressions

33
Q

What are the 4 easy uses of Anti-seizure drugs?

A
  1. Simple Partial
  2. Complex Partial
  3. Secondarily Generalized
  4. Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic
34
Q

Vigabatrin MOA

A

Inhibit GABA breakdown

  • Target GABA Transaminase
  • less breakdown means more drug
35
Q

Tiagabines distinguishing side effects

A

GI probs

36
Q

2 Key Pharmacokinetic facts of the needy Valproate?

A
  1. HIGH albumin binding, so high drug displacement

2. Hepatic Enzyme inhibitions

37
Q

The Brand-new Perampanel MOA

A
  • Non Comp

- Bind AMPA to Antag Glutamate

38
Q

Representative Drugs for Status Epilepticus Initial vs Long-term

A

Initial: Benzodiazapines(1st line), Lorazepam, Diazepam, or Clonazepam

Long-term: Phenytoin, Phenobarbital

39
Q

What’s the awesomest thing about Lamotrigine’s (Lamictal) pharmacokinetics?

A

Does NOT induce or inhibit CYPs

40
Q

Lamotrigine has a similar Mech as Valproic acid with Na and Calcium inhibition but differs in that _______ neurotransmitter is inhibited

A

Glutamate

41
Q

2 Key Hepatic enzyme inducing Seizure drugs?

A
  1. Pheny

2. Carba

42
Q

Valproate is the most deadly to the ______

A

Fetus

43
Q

3 Contra-indications of Phenytoin

A
  1. Myoclonic
  2. Absence
  3. Lennox-Gastaut

(The Twitch/Muscle-based diseases don’t want sodium to be blocked)

44
Q

Indications for Carbamazepine and Phenytoin?

A

The 4 Easy Uses of Anti-seizure drugs

Carba more selective for partial though

45
Q

The unique target of Levetiracetam (Keppra); thought to decrease neurotransmitter release

A

Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A (SVP2A)

Neurons, Brain, and Behavior (27 decks)

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