Anti Virals

Question 0

Famiclovir

Answer 0

Reduces neural storage form of HSV 2 & is preferred drug for HV3 (Varicella zoster virus)

Question 1

Acyclovir

Answer 1

Acyclovir is selectively converted to acyclo-GMP by viral thymidine kinase. Subsequently, this monophosphate form is further phosphorylated into active triphosphate form acyclo-GTP by host kinase. Acyclo-GTP is imcorporated into viral DNA leading to premature chain termination.
For Herpes virus HSV1,HSV2, 3 (Varicella zoster virus)
Adverse Effects: minor GI, rare renal impairment & neurotoxicity

Question 2

Gancyclovir

Answer 2

Derivative of acyclovir
For CMV, CMV retinitis, prevention of CMV in transplant pts.
Adverse Effects: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

Question 3

Fomivirsen

Answer 3

Antiviral antisense oligonucleotide analog thus blocks viral mRNA translation
For CMV retinitis

Question 4

Foscarnet

Answer 4

Interacts w herpes virus DNA & w HIV reverse transcriptase
For CMV retinitis resistant to gancyclovir, acyclovir resistant herpes & varicella
Adverse Effects: nephrotoxicity, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesia, hypokalemia, hallucinations, irritation, genital ulcerations in men, rash, fever, emesis, anemia, leukopenia, liver abnormality, thrombophlebitis

Question 5

Amantadine, Rimantadine

Answer 5

Amantadine inhibits viral uncoating & interferes w viral ion channel protein M2 that provided for acid environment inside the host cell got viral proteins to proceed towards
For prevention & abbreviate course of influenza virus A but now 100% resistant

Question 6

Oseltamivir, Zanamivir

Answer 6

Neuraminidase inhibitors
For prevention & abbreviate course of influenza virus A & B.
Adverse Effects: Oseltamivir can cause depression w suicidal tendency so not to be used in under 19yrs of age.
But useless drugs now

Question 7

Pegylated interferon alpha & Ribavirin

Answer 7

Pegylated interferon for chronic HBV & HCV
Ribavirin incorporated into RNA of RNA virus & affects DNA viruses
Standard therapy for chronic HCV, used in other RNA viruses
Adverse Effects: For Ribavirin - hemolytic anemia, For interferon - flu like symptoms
Contraindication for Ribavirin use in renal failure

Question 8

Telaprevir

Answer 8

A protease inhibitor
For use in combo w standard therapy for chronic HCV
Adverse Effects: anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia
Black Box Warning: rash resulting in death