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Pharmacology > Antibacterial Agents > Flashcards

Antibacterial Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Subclasses of Antibacterial Agents:

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

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2
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics:

A

Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Chloramphenicol

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3
Q

potent, broad-spectrum antibiotics with bactericidal action by disrupting the functional ability of the bacterial cell wall, inhibiting protein synthesis, and binding with ribosomes.

A

Aminoglycosides

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4
Q

Aminoglycosides are agents indicated for;

A

UTI
meningitis
wound infections
septicemia
other serious infections cause by gram-negative bacteria

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5
Q

Examples of Aminoglycosides are:

A

tobramycin (Tobrex)
amikacin (Amikacin)
neomycin (Mycifradin)
gentamycin (Garamycin)
streptomycin (Humetin)

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6
Q

Penicillins form the large group of chemically related antibiotics which were first derived from a

A

mold

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7
Q

grouped as natural, extended-spectrum, penicillinase-resistant, or combination products

A

Penicillins

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8
Q

MOA of Penicillins

A

interfere bacterial cell wall synthesis

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9
Q

an enzyme developed by bacteria to resist penicillin

A

penicillinase

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10
Q

Penicillinase has the capacity to inactivate penicillin by breaking its _______.

A

beta-lactam ring

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11
Q

Penicillin are indicated to treat:

A

Middle ear infection
respiratory tract infection
genitourinary tract infection
other infections caused by streptococcus, staphylococcus, pneumococcus, meningococcus, and anthrax

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12
Q

Penicillin is prescribed as prophylaxis for…

A

Surgery
dental procedures
bacterial endocarditis

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13
Q

Major Classifications of Penicillin

A

Natural/Basic Penicillin
Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
Penicillinase-resistant penicillin
Combination products

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14
Q

Example of Natural/ Basic Penicillin

A

penicillin-G sodium or potassium (Pfizerpen)

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15
Q

Examples of Extended-Spectrum Penicillin

A

Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Ampicillin (Principen)

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16
Q

Examples of Penicillinase-resistant Penicillin

A

nafcillin sodium (Nafcillin)
oxacillin sodium (Oxacillin)
cloxacillin sodium

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17
Q

Example of combination products

A

ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate (co-amoxiclav) (Augmentin)
piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)

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18
Q

Where do you administer penicillin IM in adults?

A

upper outer quadrant of buttocks

19
Q

Where do administer penicillin IM in young children?

A

midlateral thigh

20
Q

prevents excretion of penicillin

A

probenecid

21
Q

decrease absorption of oral penicillin

A

antacid

22
Q

effectiveness is decreased by penicillin

A

oral contraceptives

23
Q

effectiveness is increased by penicillin

A

oral coagulants

24
Q

This group of antibiotics is chemically and structurally related to penicillin and has a similar MOA.

A

Cephalosporins

25
Q

this is an enzyme produced by the microorganism that inactivates cephalosporins

A

cephalosporinase

26
Q

effective against g(+) and mild activity against g(- ) microorganisms including P. mirabilis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae (PEK)

A

First generation cephalosporins

27
Q

increased activity against g(-) including H. influenza, E. aerogenes, Neisseria species and PEK (HENPEK); less effective against g(+)

A

Second generation cephalosporins

28
Q

weak against g(+), potent against g(-) including HENPEK and S. marcescens (HENPEKS)

A

Third generation cephalosporins

29
Q

active against g(+) and g(-) including cephalosporin-resistant staphylococciandP.aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant organisms

A

Fourth generation cephalosporins

30
Q

Examples of First Generation Cephalosporins

A

cephalexin (Keflex)
cefazolin (Ancef)

31
Q

Examples of Second Generation Cephalosporins

A

cefaclor (Ceclor)
cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
cefuroxime (Zinacef)

32
Q

Examples of Third Generation Cephalosporins

A

cefixime (Suprax)
cefotaxime (Claforan)
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

33
Q

Examples of Fourth Generation Cephalosporins

A

cefditoren (Spectracef)
cefepime (Maxipime)
ceftaroline (Teflaro)

34
Q

decreases absorption of cephalosporin

A

antacid

35
Q

increases blood levels of certain cephalosporins

A

diuretics (furosemide)

36
Q

a drug that is used to treat alcoholism.

A

Disulfiram

37
Q

effectiveness is decreased by cephalosporin

A

oral contraceptives

38
Q

effectiveness is increased by cephalosporin

A

oral anticoagulants

39
Q

a life-threatening inflammatory bowel condition characterized by bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. This is one type of bacterial superinfection.

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

40
Q

vein inflammation

A

phlebitis

41
Q

work by inhibiting protein synthesis, leading to the inability of the bacterial cell to multiply.

A

Tetracyclines

42
Q

Tetracyclines are indicated to treat…

A

genitourinary tract infection
respiratory tract infection
meningitis
acne
cholera
mycoplasmic infections

43
Q

Examples of tetracycline drugs

A

doxycycline (Vibramycin)
tetracycline (Sumycin)
minocycline (Minocin)

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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