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Antibacterials Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What are beta lactam agents

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporin

Cabepenams
Monbactams
Beta lactamase inhibitors

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2
Q

What are cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Beta lactam agents
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

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3
Q

Name protein synthesis inhibitors

A

M- macrolids
A- aminoglycosides
T- tetracyclines

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4
Q

What are nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

S sulphonamides
A azoles
Q quinolones

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5
Q

What’s mode of action of penicillin

A

It inhibits enzyme by penicillin binding proteins

So inhibit peptidoglycan cross linkages in cell wall

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6
Q

What’s type of action

A

Bactriocidal/ time dependent killer

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7
Q

How bacteria become resistant to penicillin

A

Formation of different structures of penicillin binding protein
Secrete beta lactamase enzyme break beta lactam ring

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8
Q

Why not oral benzyl penicillin is effective

A

Since benzylpenicillin oral destroy by gastric acid

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9
Q

T1/2 of penicillins

A

Less than 2h

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10
Q

How it dissolve to CDF

A

When meninges get inflamed it reaches to meninges

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11
Q

How renal clearance occur

A

Rapid clearance by renal tubular cells

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12
Q

How penicillin rapid renal clearance can stop

A

Probenecid reduces the renal clearance of penicillin

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13
Q

Do we need to reduce penicillin dose in severe renal impairment pts

A

Yes

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14
Q

What’s most prominent SE of Penicillin

A

It cause allergies

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15
Q

What are the types of allergies

A

Itching
Urticaria
Angiodema

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16
Q

How penicillin causes allergies

A

B lactam ring open and create penicillyol group bind tissue proteins form antigenic determinant

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17
Q

What’s cross allergies

A

Occur in all forms of penicillin due to similar form of structure

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18
Q

What type of allergies occur in cephalosporin and penicillin

A

Partial cross allergies

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19
Q

Apart from allergies what are other SE of penicillin

A

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea
Neutropenia in more than ten days high doses
Hemolytic anaemia rarely

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20
Q

Flucloxacillin and Co amoxi high dose long duration for elders will cause what

A

Hepatic toxicity

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21
Q

What are two narrow spectrum penicillin

A

Benzyl penicillin

Anti Staphylococcal penicillin

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22
Q

What are narrow spectrum penicillins

A

Benzyl penicillin

Anti staphylococcal penicillin

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23
Q

T1/2 of benzylpenicillin

A

0.5h

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24
Q

How it should given

A

Penicillin G -spaced doses and to maintain therapeutic concentrations

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25
How Benzylpenicillin eliminate
Kidney 80% active secretion at renal tubules
26
How B penicillin can reduce secreted
By probenecid
27
B penicillin highly active for what disease
Streptococcus pneumonia | A,beta hemolytic streptococcus (pyogens)
28
What organism is less susceptible to B penicillin
Enterococcus fecalis
29
How to admin B-penicillin for infective endocarditis
Penicillin + Amino-glycoside | IE-AP
30
For what B penicillin isDOC
``` Neisseria meningitides(meningococcal meningitis/sepsis) Bacillus anthrax Clostridium perfringes (gas gangrene) Tetani Diphtheria Syphilis Leptospirosis Actinomycosis Lyme disease-borrelia burgodoferi ```
31
What are AE
Allergies | Least toxic
32
How it given
IV IM | Oral 600mg 6hourly
33
How procaine penicillin given
IM only
34
What procaine penicillin release
Benzyl penicillin
35
What’s phenoxy methyl penicillin
Penicillin V
36
What’s it penicillin V activity compared to benzyl penicillin
Less active for Neisseria gonorrhaoea and meningitidis
37
What’s route of penicillin V
IV acute Strep pneumonia and strep pyogens
38
What are anti staphylococcal penicillin
Flucloxacillin Cloxacillin Methicillin
39
What’s their (anti staphylococcal penicillin)special property of beta lactam
Stable to staphylococcal beta lactamases
40
What’s T1/2 of Flucloxacillin
1h
41
What’s concentration difference between Flucloxacillin and cloxacillin
Gibe high blood concentration that cloxa
42
When used more than 2 week by adults Flucloxacillin cause
Cholestatic jaundice
43
T1/2 of cloxacillin
1/2 h
44
What are MRSA anti biotics of anti staphylococcal penicillin
Methicillin | Oxacillin
45
What are broad spectrum penicillin
A-Amoxicillin A-Ampicillin C- Co amoxi clav
46
T/F benzyl penicillin less active than Broad spectrum for gram positive cocci
F
47
T/f broad spectrum are more active than bets lactamase resistant penicillin
True
48
Amoxicillin is structural analogue of what
Ampicillin
49
Does amoxicillin better absorbed in gut
Yes after food
50
Does ampicillin or amoxicillin causes more diarrhea
Diarrhea less fx with amoxicillin
51
What’s dose of amoxicillin
250mg /8h
52
Amoxicillin parenteral is useful -T/F
False no use Like ampicillin
53
What will do by clavulanic acid
Beta lactam molecule Irreversibly bind with beta lactamase Protect penicillin against beta lactamase it’s suicide inhibitor
54
Therapeutic use of co amoxi clav
``` Oral tx for beta lactamase producing orgnisms Respi infection Urogenital infections Stap aureus E coli ```
55
Dose of co amoxi clav
1 tab 8hourly
56
Ampicillin is is acid stable T/F
Yes
57
Oral dose of ampicillin
250mg -1g 6-8hourly
58
IM dose ampicillin Iv dose
500mg 6hourly
59
Does ampicillin change on urine
No
60
What happen to ampicillin in bile
Concentrated
61
Adverse effects of co amoxi and ampicillin
Ampicillin- diarrhea Ampi/co amoxi- clostridium difficile associated diarrhea Ampicillin- macular rash Cholestatic jaundice with co amoxi
62
What is drug in monobactum
Aztreonam
63
Azetronam effective for what
Gram negatives - pseudomonas aureginosa H influenza Neisseria meningitides and gonrrhoea

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