Antibiotic Resistances

Question 1

Penicillin

Answer 1

Beta-lactamases cleave beta-lactam ring

Question 2

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

Answer 2

MRSA is resistant because of altered penicillin-binding protein target site

Question 3

1st generation cephalosporins

Answer 3

Structural changes in penicillin binding proteins

Question 4

2nd generation cephalosporins

Answer 4

Structural changes in penicillin binding proteins

Question 5

3rd generation cephalosporins

Answer 5

Structural changes in penicillin binding proteins

Question 6

4th generation cephalosporins

Answer 6

Structural changes in penicillin binding proteins

Question 7

Vancomycin

Answer 7

Occurs with amino acid change of D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac

Question 8

Aminoglycosides

Answer 8

Transferase enzymes that inactivate the drug by acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation

Question 9

Tetracyclines

Answer 9

Decreased uptake into cells, increased efflux out of cell by plasmid encoded transport pumps

Question 10

Macrolides

Answer 10

Methylation of 23S rRNA site

Question 11

Chloramphenicol

Answer 11

Plasmid-encoded acetyltransferase that inactivates drug

Question 12

Sulfonamides

Answer 12

Alterred bacterial dihydropteroate synthase, decreased uptake, increased PABA synthesis

Question 13

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 13

Plasmid-mediated resistance, chromosome-encoded mutation in DNA gyrase, efflux pumps