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Step 1 Microbiology > Antibiotic Toxicities > Flashcards

Antibiotic Toxicities Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, hemolytic anemia

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2
Q

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, methicillin: interstitial nephritis

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3
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, Ampicillin rash, Pseudomembranous colitis

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4
Q

Antipseudomonals

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

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5
Q

1st generation cephalosporins

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, vitamin K deficiency, low cross-reactivity with penicillins, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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6
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, vitamin K deficiency, low cross-reactivity with penicillins, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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7
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, vitamin K deficiency, low cross-reactivity with penicillins, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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8
Q

4th generation cephalosporins

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, vitamin K deficiency, low cross-reactivity with penicillins, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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9
Q

Aztreonam

A

Nontoxic, occasional GI upset, no cross-allergnicity with penicillins

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10
Q

Carbapenems

A

GI distress, skin rash, CNS toxicity/seizures at high plasma levels (less risk with meropenem)

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11
Q

Vancomycin

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, redman syndrome (widespread release of histamine, prevented by antihistamines and slow infusion rate)

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12
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity (esp. with cephalosporins), ototoxicity (esp. with loop diuretics), neuromuscular blockade, teratogen

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13
Q

Tetracyclines

A

GI distress, teratogen, discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth in children, photosensitivity, doxycycline can be used in renal failure

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14
Q

Macrolides

A

Gastrointestinal motility issues, arrhythmia caused by prolonged QT, acute cholestatic hepatitis, rash, eosinophilia; increases serum concentration of theophyllines, oral anticoagulants

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15
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Aplastic anemia (both dose dependent and independent), gray baby syndrome (in premature infants due to lack of liver UDP-glucuronyl transferase)

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16
Q

Clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous colitis (C. Difficile): Fever, Diarrhea

17
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Hypersensitivity reactions (serum sickness), hemolysis if G6PD deficient, nephrotoxicity (tubulointerstitial nephritis), photosensitivity, kernicterus in infants, displaces warfarin from albumin

18
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (can use folinic acid for rescue); Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrosis

19
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Tendon rupture in elderly and patients on prednisone, leg cramps/myalgias, teratogen: damage to cartilage, may prolong QT interval

Step 1 Microbiology (13 decks)

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