Antibiotics Flashcards
(25 cards)
Give examples of beta lactam antibiotics
penicillins, Cephalosporins and carbopenems
Give examples of penicillins in order of there increasing spectrum
- Penicillin V
- Benzylpenicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Flucloxacillin
- Co-amoxiclav (augmentin – amoxicillin and clavulanic acid)
- Tazocin (pipperacillin/tazobactem)
Give examples of Cephalosporins in order of their increasing spectrum
- Cefuroxime
- Ceftriaxone
- Cefalexin
Give examples of carbapenems
Meropenem and Etrapenem
Which antibiotics are a risk for CDiff
Meropenem and Clindamycin
Give Examples of Macrolides and why they’re used
Macrolides are used where there is penicillin hypersensitivity. They are broad spectrum antibiotics, however they are generally less effective than penicillins and therefore second-line
- Erythromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Clindamycin (NB: C.diff risk
Give examples of Quinolones and when each might be used
- Ciprofloxacin is effective against Gram –ve organisms and is therefore used in gastroenteritis
and pyelonephritis - Levofloxacin is effective in Gram +ve chest infections
Give examples of tetracyclines and when they might be used
- Doxycycline, this is most commonly used in atypical chest infections e.g. COPD exacerbation
- Tetracycline, this is used for oral infections
Who cannot take tetracyclines and why?
Children. They penetrate the bones and blacken them.
Give an example of aminoglycosides and when they might be used
Gentamicin. Used in gram -ve infections. IV due to narrow therapeutic window.
What are important side effects of Gentamycin?
nephrotoxic and ototoxic
Give an example of glycopeptides and when they should be used
- Vancomycin is a glycopeptide, and is used to treat C.diff and MRSA
What are important side effects of Vancomycin and what group does it belong to.
Glycopeptides.
Nephrotoxic. Do not use with Aminoglycosides.
What type of infection is Metronidazole used for?
Anaerobic infections e.g Cdiff or Bacteroides
What is important advice to give to a pt taking metronidazole.
Do not consume alcohol due to dilsulfram reaction
C. difficile Rx
Metronidazole 400mg TDS 14/7
AND
Vancomycin 500mg QDS 14/7
MRSA Rx
Vancomycin 1g BD IV
Nasal mupirocin and chlorehexidine wash if colonised.
S. Aureus Rx
Flucloxacillin 500mg QDS 5/7
Strep Rx
Penicillins
Bacteroides Rx
Metronidazole
Gut Coliforms
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamycin
Cephalosporins
UTI Rx
1st Line: Nitrofurantoin 50mg TDS 3/7 in women. 1/52 in men. Avoid in term pregnant women.
2nd Line: Trimethoprim 200mg BD 3/7. Avoid in 1st Trimester. Okay in breast feeding.
Ciprofloxacin if ascending 500mg BD 1/52
LRTI Rx
Co-amoxiclav 625mg TDS 5/7 AND Clarithromycin 500mg BD 5/7
Sepsis
Tazocin 4.5g TDS IV
